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The effectiveness of isolation and characterization nanocelullose from Timoho fiber for sustainable materials

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Abstract

Timoho fiber (TF) has proven to be a potential reinforcement for composites due to its high cellulose content. Various efforts have been made to improve the TF performance in the composite fabrication, one of which is by making nanocellulose from the fiber. The structure can be the basic material for nanocomposites. Nanocellulose forms of fibers have good mechanical properties and lower density. Therefore, TF was prepared into nanocellulose by using effective methods of isolation and extraction. Fabrication process was done in three main stages namely extraction which was performed in three processes: dewaxing, mercerization, and delignification. Next, the cellulose was characterized using FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM. TEM, and TGA. Density and crystallinity index of TF nanocellulose were 0.52 g/cm3 and 88.47%. The TF morphology described the random structure which was adequate as nanocellulose method was effective to extract nanocellulose and is recommended as a sustainable cellulose bionanocomposite material.

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Funding

This research was funded by the Riset Kolaborasi Indonesia (Collaborative Research)—RKI by three universities: State University of Malang, Brawijaya University, and Sebelas Maret University, grant number: 17.5.30/UN32.20.1/LT/2022; 1074.1/UN10.C10/PN/2022; 872.1/UN27.22/PT.01.03/2022.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang, 65145, Indonesia

    Femiana Gapsari

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, State University of Malang, Semarang 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia

    Andoko Andoko

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Ir. Sutami 36, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia

    Kuncoro Diharjo

  4. Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand

    Suchart Siengchin

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  1. Femiana Gapsari
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  4. M. R. Sanjay
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All authors are equally contributed.

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Correspondence to Femiana Gapsari.

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The authors declare no competing interests.Acknowledgment: We also thank to National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF), and King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (Contract no. KMUTNB-FF-66-01) for collaboration and support

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Highlights

TF was prepared into nanocellulose by using effective methods of isolation and extraction.

The effectiveness of the TF isolation and extraction process was confirmed to produce NCTFs with a diameter range of 71.79 ± 11.78 nm.

Density and crystallinity index of TF nanocellulose were 0.52 g/cm3 and 88.47%.

The TF morphology described the random structure which was adequate as nanocellulose.

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Gapsari, F., Andoko, A., Diharjo, K. et al. The effectiveness of isolation and characterization nanocelullose from Timoho fiber for sustainable materials. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03672-x

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