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Regulatory mechanisms of viral hepatitis B and C

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Abstract

Of all the hepatitis viruses, only the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) cause chronic hepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss how these two biologically diverse viruses use common pathways to induce oxidative stress and activation of key transcription factors, known to be involved in inflammatory processes in cells. Activation of NF-κB and STAT-3 most likely contribute to the progression of viral infections to chronic hepatitis and liver oncogenesis associated with HBV and HCV infections. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of action of HBx and HCV NS5A proteins in inducing intracellular events associated with the viral infections.

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Abbreviations

EOR:

Endoplasmic reticulum overload response

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

HBV:

hepatitis B virus

HCV:

hepatitis C virus

IFN:

interferon

IRES:

internal ribosome entry site

NAC:

N-acetyl L-cysteine

NLS:

nuclear localization signal

NS5A:

nonstructural protein 5A

PDTC:

pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate

PKR:

double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

RR:

ruthenium red

UPR:

unfolded protein response

VDAC:

voltage dependent anion channel

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 E, 9th Ave, 80262, Denver, Colorado, USA

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Waris, G., Siddiqui, A. Regulatory mechanisms of viral hepatitis B and C. J. Biosci. 28, 311–321 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02970150

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