SpringerLink
Log in

Evaluation of soil phosphate status where phosphate rock based fertilizers have been used

  • Published:
Fertilizer research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Soil phosphorus (P) tests have usually been calibrated using regression relationships between test values and crop yields for soils with a history of soluble P fertilizer use. However, the regression relationships have frequently been found to be different where phosphate rock (PR) based fertilizers have been used. Consequently, the traditional soil P tests often give incorrect estimates of soil P status of PR fertilized soils where calibrations were derived using soils treated with soluble P fertilizers. Alkaline soil tests (e.g., Olsen, Colwell) usually underestimate, while acid tests (e.g., Truog, Bray 2) usually overestimate, the soil P status of PR fertilized soils where normal calibrations are used.

Several ways of overcoming this problem are discussed. Separate calibrations can be used for soluble and PR based fertilizers. In practice, this could involve mathematical modification of test values obtained with PR fertilized soils to enable use of the normal calibrations. Soil and fertilizer P models are available which use fertilizer history to derive current fertilizer recommendations and/or predict consequences of different fertilizer strategies. These could be extended to include functions describing the dissolution of PR in soil. This requires more detailed information on PR dissolution rates in different soils.

Two soil tests for use with both soluble P and PR fertilized soils have recently been developed. They are the iron-oxide impregnated paper and the mixed anion exchange membrane/cation exchange membrane tests. While more evaluation is required in field situations, evidence to date indicates that both tests show promise.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Admont PH, Boniface R, Fardeau JC, Jahiel M and Morel C (1986a) Some observations on current methods for the determination of available phosphorus in soil. Application to the study of the fertilizer value of natural rock phosphates. Comptes Rendus des Seances de l'Academie d'Agriculture de France 72: 69–79

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Admont PH, Boniface R, Fardeau JC, Jahiel M and Morel C (1986b) Currently used methods of measuring available soil P: Their use in assessing the fertilizer value of rock phosphates. Fertilizers and Agriculture 92: 39–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Amer F, Bouldin DR, Black CA and Duke FR (1955) Characterization of soil phosphorus by anion exchange resin adsorption and P-32 equilibration. Plant and Soil 6: 391–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson DL, Kussow WR and Corey RB (1985) Phosphate rock dissolution in soil: Indications from plant growth studies. Soil Sci Soc Am J 49: 918–925

    Google Scholar 

  5. Anthorpt JN, Hedley MJ and Tillman RW (1987) The effects of nitrogen fertilizer form on the plant availability of phosphate from soil, phosphate rock and monocalcium phosphate. Fert Res 12: 269–284

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bache BW and Ireland C (1980) Desorption of phosphate from soils using anion exchange resins. J Soil Sci 31: 297–306

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Baifan J and Yichi G (1989) A suggested fractionation scheme of inorganic phosphorus in calcareous soils. Fert Res 20: 159–165

    Google Scholar 

  8. Barnes JS and Kamprath EJ (1975) Availability of North Carolina rock phosphate applied to soils. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 229, Raleigh, North Carolina

  9. Barrow NJ (1980) Evaluation and utilization of residual phosphorus in soils. In The role of phosphorus in agriculture (Eds. Khasawneh FE, Sample EC and Kamprath EJ), ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, USA. pp 333–359

    Google Scholar 

  10. Barrow NJ and Shaw TC (1977) Factors affecting the amount of phosphate extracted from soil by anion exchange resin. Geoderma 19: 309–323

    Google Scholar 

  11. Barrow NJ and Shaw TC (1979) Effects of ionic strength and nature of the cation on desorption of phosphate from soil. J Soil Sci 30: 53–65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bationo A, Baethgen WE, Christianson CB and Mokwunye AU (1991) Comparison of five soil testing methods to establish phosphorus sufficiency levels in soil fertilized with water-soluble and sparingly soluble -P sources. Fert Res 28: 271–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Beek J and Van Riemsdijk WH (1979) Interaction of orthophosphate ions with soil. In: Bolt GH (Ed) Soil Chemistry. B. Physico-Chemical Models, pp 259–284. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers BV

    Google Scholar 

  14. Benbi DK, Gilkes RJ and Bolland MDA (1988) An assessment of soil tests for phosphate for the prediction of cereal yields on a sandy soil in Western Australia. Fert Res 16(2): 137–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bolan NS and Hedley MJ (1989) Dissolution of phosphate rock in soils. 1. Evaluation of extraction methods for the measurement of phosphate rock dissolution. Fert Res 19: 65–75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bolland MDA (1993) Summary of research on soil testing for rock phosphate fertilizers in Western Australia. Fert Res 35: 83–91 (This issue)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bolland MDA and Gilkes RJ (1989) Reactive rock phosphate fertilizers and soil testing for phosphorus: the effect of particle size of the rock phosphate. Fert Res 21(2): 75–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Bolland MDA, Gilkes RJ and Allen DG (1988) The residual value of superphosphate and rock phosphates for lateric soils and its evaluation using three soil phosphate tests. Fert Res 15(3): 253–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bray RM and Kurtz LT (1945) Determination of total, organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Sci. 59: 39–45

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cescas MP and Tyner H (1976) Rate of rock phosphate disappearance for the Morrow plots. Ann Agron 27: 891–924

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chang SC and Jackson ML (1957) Fractionation of soil phosphorus. Soil Sci 84: 133–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chien SH (1978) Interpretation of Bray I-extractable phosphorus from acid soils treated with phosphate rocks. Soil Sci 126: 34–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Chien SH, Hammond LL and Leon LA (1987a) Long term reactions of phosphate rocks with an oxisol in Columbia. Soil Sci 144: 257–265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Chien SH, Sompongse D, Henao J and Hellums DT (1987b) Greenhouse evaluation of phosphorus availability from compacted phosphate rocks with urea or with urea and triple superphosphate. Fert Res 14: 245–246

    Google Scholar 

  25. Chu CR, Moschler WW and Thomas GW (1962) Rock phosphate transformations in acid soils. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 26: 476–478

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Colwell JD (1963) The estimation of phosphorus fertilizer requirement in southern New South Wales by soil analysis. Aust J Exp Agric Anim Husb 3: 190–197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cooke IJ and Hislop J (1963) Use of anion-exchange resin for the assessment of available soil phosphate. Soil Science 96: 308–312

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cornforth IS and Sinclair AG (1982) Model for calculating maintenance phosphate requirements for grazed pastures. NZ J Exp Ag 10: 53–61

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cornforth IS, Smith GS and Fox RL (1983) Phosphate extractability and availability to plants in phosphate rock treated soils. NZ J of Exp Agric 11: 243–246

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Cox FR, Kamprath EJ and McCollum RE (1981) A descriptive model of soil test nutrient levels following fertilization. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45: 529–532

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Curtin D, Syers, JK and Smillie GW (1987) The importance of exchangeable cations and resin-sink characteristics in the release of soil phosphorus. J Soil Sci 38: 711–716

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dyer B (1894) Determination des matieres minerales assimilabes par les plants. Ann Agron 291-298

  33. Edmeades D.C., Watkinson JH, Perrott KW, Sinclair AG, Ledgard SF, Rajan SSS, Brown MW, Roberts AH, Thorrold BT, O'Connor MB, Floate MJS, Risk WH and Morton J (1991) Comparing the agronomic performance of soluble and slow release phosphate fertilisers: The experimental basis for RPR recommendations. Proc NZ Grassland Assoc 53: 181–190

    Google Scholar 

  34. Fixen PE and Grove JH (1990) Testing soil for phosphorus. In Soil testing and plant analysis, third edition, Soil Science Society of America, Madison. pp 141–180

    Google Scholar 

  35. Fraps GS and Fudge JF (1945) The nature of the phosphates dissolved by various soil extractants. J Amer Soc Agron 37: 532–541

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Giles CH, MacEwan TH, Nahkwa SN and Smith D (1960) Studies in absorption. XI. A system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms and its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurement of specific surface area of solids. J Chem Soc 1960: 3973–3993

    Google Scholar 

  37. Gregg PEH, Syers JK and Mackay AD (1981) Agronomic effectiveness of reactive phosphate rocks in hill country pasture. In Potential of phosphate rock as a direct application fertiliser in New Zealand. Massey University Occassional Report 3: 4–11

    Google Scholar 

  38. Grigg JL (1965) Inorganic phosphorus fractions in South Island soils and their solubility in commonly used extracting solutions. NZ J Agric Res 8: 313–326

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hammond LL (1979) Agronomic measurements of phosphate rock effectiveness. In “Seminar on phosphate rock for direct application”, Israel Fertilizer Research Centre/International Fertilizer Development Centre, Haifa, Israel, March 1978, pp 147–173

    Google Scholar 

  40. Hammond LL, Chien SH and Easterwood GW (1986a) Agronomic effectiveness of Bayover phosphate rock in soil with induced phosphorus retention. Soil Sci Soc Am J 50: 1601–1606

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hammond LL, Chien SH and Mokwunye AU (1986b) Agronomic value of unacidulated and partially acidulated phosphate rocks indigenous to the tropics. Adv Agron 40: 89–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hammond LL, Menon RG and Sissingh (1985) Determination of plant available phosphorus by the Pi soil test. Agron Absts pp 173

  43. Hedley MJ, Stewart JWB and Chauhan BS (1982) Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46: 970–976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Hingston FJ, Atkinson RJ, Posner AM and Quirk JP (1967) Specific adsorption of anions. Nature 215: 1459–1461

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hingston FJ, Atkinson RJ and Posner AM (1968) Specific adsorption of anions on goethite. Int Congr Soil Sci Trans 9th, Adelaide, Aust. 1: 669–678

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hughes JC and Gilkes RJ (1984) The effect of chemical extractant on the estimation of rock phosphate fertilizer dissolution. Aust J Soil Res 22: 475–481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ibrikci H, Hanlon EA and Rechcigl JE (1991) Calibration of inorganic-P soil test methods with bahiagrass production. International Symposium on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis in the Global Community, Abstracts. Council on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis

  48. Jones CA, Cole CV, Sharpley AN and Williams JR (1984) A simplified soil and plant phosphorus model: I. Documentation. Soil Sci Soc Am J 48: 800–805

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kamprath EJ and Watson ME (1980) Conventional soil and tissue tests for assessing the phosphorus status of soils. In The role of phosphorus in agriculture (Eds. Khasawneh FE, Sample EC and Kamprath EJ), ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, USA. pp 433–469

    Google Scholar 

  50. Khasawneh FE and Doll EC (1978) The use of phosphate rock for direct application to soils. Advances in Agronomy 30: 159–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kirk CJD and Nye PH (1986a) The dissolution and dispersion of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in soils. IV. Experimental evaluation of the model for particles. J Soil Sci 37: 525–528

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kirk CJD and Nye PH (1986b) A simple model for prediciting the rates of dissolution of sparingly soluble calcium phosphates in soil. I. The basic model. J Soil Sci 37: 529–540

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kirk CJD and Nye PH (1986c) A simple model for prediciting the rates of dissolution of sparingly soluble calcium phosphates in soil. II. Applications of the model. J Soil Sci 37: 541–554

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kumar V, Gilkes RJ and Bolland MDA (1991a) Residual phosphate fertilizer compounds in soils. I. Their estimation using selective extractants. Fert Res 30: 19–29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kumar V, Gilkes RJ and Bolland MDA (1991b) Residual phosphate fertilizer compounds in soils. II. Their influence on soil tests for available phosphate. Fert Res 30: 31–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kumar V, Gilkes RJ and Bolland MDA (1992) Phosphate fertilizer compounds in soils: Their influence on the relationship between plant yield and soil test value. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 23: 1461–1477

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Larson S (1967) Soil phosphorus. Adv Agron 19: 151–210

    Google Scholar 

  58. Lin Tzu-Huei, Ho Sheng-Bin and Houng Kun-Huang (1991) The use of iron oxide-impregnated paper for the extraction of available phosphorus from Taiwan soils. Plant Soil 133: 219–226

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Luscombe PC, Syers JK and Gregg PEH (1979) Water extraction as a soil testing procedure for phosphate. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 10: 1361–1369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mackay AD and Syers JK (1986) Effect of phosphate, calcium, and pH on the dissolution of a phosphate rock in soil. Fert Res 10: 175–184

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Mackay AD, Syers JK, Gregg PEH and Tillman RW (1984) A comparison of three soil testing procedures for estimating the plant availability of phosphorus in soils receiving either superphosphate or phosphate rock. NZ J Agric Res 27: 231–245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Mackay AD, Syers JK, Tillman RW and Gregg PEH (1986) A simple model to describe the dissolution of phosphate rock in soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 50: 291–296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. McCall DG and Thorrold BS (1991) Fertiliser history as a useful predictor of soil fertility status. Proc NZ Grassland Assoc 53: 191–196

    Google Scholar 

  64. Mekaru T and Uehara G (1972) Anion adsorption in ferruginous tropical soils. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 36: 296–300

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Menon RG (1991) The Pi test for evaluating bioavailability of phosphorus. Proceedings of the Symposium on Application of Agricultural Analysis in Environmental Studies. Am Soc Testing and Materials (ASTM) (In press)

  66. Menon RG, Chien SH and Gadalla Abd el Nabi (1991) Comparison of Olsen and Pi soil tests for evaluating phosphorus bioavailability in a calcareous soil treated with single superphosphate and partially acidulated phosphate rock. Fert Res 29: 153–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Menon RG, Chien SH and Hammond LL (1989a) Comparison of Bray I and Pi tests for evaluating plant-available phosphorus from soils treated with partially acidulated phosphate rocks. Plant and soil 114: 211–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Menon RG, Chien SH and Hammond LL (1989b) The Pi soil test: A new approach to soil test for phosphorus. IFDC Handbook, IFDC, Muscle Shoals, AL, 10p

    Google Scholar 

  69. Menon RG, Chien SH and Hammond LL (1990a) Development and evaluation of the Pi soil test for plant-available phosphorus. Comm Soil Sci Plant Anal 21: 1131–1150

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Menon RG, Chien SH, Hammond LL and Arora BR (1990b) Sorption of phosphorus by the iron oxide-impregnated filter paper (Pi soil test) embedded in soils. Plant Soil 126: 287–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Menon RG, Hammond LL and Sissingh HA (1989c) Determination of plant-available phosphorus by the iron hydroxide-impregnated paper (Pi) soil test. Soil Sci Soc Am J 53: 110–115

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Morgan MF (1941) Chemical soil diagnosis by the universal soil testing system. Conn Agric Exp Stn Bull 450

  73. Nelson WL, Mehlich A and Winters E (1953) The development, evaluation and use of soil tests for phosphorus availability. Agronomy 4: 153–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS and Dean LA (1954) Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circ 939

  75. Parfitt RL (1978) Anion adsorption by soils and soil materials. Adv Agron 30: 1–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Parfitt RL, Atkinson RJ and Smart R St C (1975) The mechanism of phosphate fixation by iron oxides. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 39: 837–841

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Perrott KW (1992) Effect of exchangeable calcium on fractionation of inorganic and organic soil phosphorus. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 23: 827–840

    Google Scholar 

  78. Perrott KW, Roberts AHC, Saggar S, O'Connor MB, Shannon PW, Nguyen L and Risk WH (1992) Pasture production and soil phosphorus fractions resulting from six annual applications of triple superphosphate or Sechura phosphate rock. NZ J Agric Res 35: 307–319

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Probert ME (1985) A conceptual model for initial and residual responses to phosphorus fertilizers. Fert Res 6: 131–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Rajan SSS (1982) Plant availability of phosphate from ‘biosupers’ and a partially acidulated phosphate rock. NZ J Agric Res 25: 355–361

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Rajan SSS (1983) Effect of sulphur content of phosphate rock/sulphur granules on the availability of phosphate to plants. Fert Res 4: 287–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Rajan SSS (1987a) Phosphate rock and phosphate rock/sulphur granules as phosphate fertilizers and their dissolution in soil. Fert Res 11: 43–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Rajan SSS (1987b) Partially acidulated phosphate rock as fertiliser and dissolution in soil of the residual rock phosphate. NZ J Exp Agric 15: 177–184

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Rajan SSS, Fox RL and Saunders WMH (1991) Influence of pH, time and rate of application on phosphate rock dissolution and availability to pastures. II. Chemical studies. Fert Res 28: 95–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Rajan SSS, Perrott KW and Saunders WMH (1974) Identification of phosphate reactive sites of hydrous alumina from proton consumption during phosphate adsorption at constant pH values. J Soil Sci 25: 438–447

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Rajan SSS and Watkinson JH (1988) Measurement of rock phosphate dissolution in soil by the inorganic fractionation method. Australian Soil Science Society Conference, Canberra, pp 113

    Google Scholar 

  87. Reinhorn T and Hagin J (1979) Evaluation of the Bray P1 method for measuring phosphate rock availability in soils. In “Seminar on phosphate rock for direct application”, Israel Fertilizer Research Centre/International Fertilizer Development Centre, Haifa, Israel, March 1978, pp 402–412

    Google Scholar 

  88. Robinson JS and Syers JK (1990) A critical evaluation of the factors influencing the dissolution of Gafsa phosphate rock. J Soil Sci 41: 597–605

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Robinson JS and Syers JK (1991) Effects of solution calcium concentration and calcium sink size on the dissolution of Gafsa phosphate rock in soils. J Soil Sci 42: 389–397

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Ryden JC, McLaughlin JR and Syers JK (1977) Mechanism of phosphate sorption by soils and hydrous ferric oxide gel. J Soil Sci 28: 72–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Saggar S, Hedley MJ and White RE (1990) A simplified resin membrane technique for extracting phosphorus from soils. Fert Res 24: 173–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Saggar S, Hedley MJ and White RE (1992a) Development and evaluation of an improved soil test for phosphorus. 1. The influence of phosphorus fertilizer solubility and soil properties on the extractability of soil P. Fert Res 33: 81–91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Saggar S, Hedley MJ, White RE, Gregg PEH, Perrott KW and Cornforth, I.S. (1992b) Development and evaluation of an improved soil test for phosphorus. 2. Comparison of the Olsen and mixed cation-anion exchange resin tests for predicting the yield of ryegrass grown in pots. Fert Res 33: 135–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Saunders WMH (1964) Extraction of soil phosphate by anion-exchange membrane. NZ J Agr Res 7: 427–431

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Sawhney, BL (1974) Charge characteristics of soils as affected by phosphate sorption. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 28: 159–160

    Google Scholar 

  96. Schoenau JJ and Huang WZ (1991a) Anion-exchange membrane, Water, and sodium bicarbonate extractions as soil tests for phosphorus. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 22: 465–492

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Schoenau JJ and Huang WZ (1991b) Assessing P,N,S and K availability in soil using anion and cation exchange membranes. Western Phosphate & Sulfur Workgroup Proc 1990-1991: 131–136

    Google Scholar 

  98. Sharpley AN (1991) Soil phosphorus extracted by iron-aluminium-oxide-impregnated filter paper. Soil Sci Soc Am J 55: 1038–1041

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Sharpley AN, Jones CA and Cole CV (1984) A simplified soil and plant phosphorus model: II. Prediction of labile, organic, and sorbed P. Soil Sci Soc Am J 48: 805–809

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Sheard RW and Caldwell AG (1955) Use of anion-exchange resins in phosphorus fertility studies. Can J Agr Sci 35: 36–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Sibbesen E (1977) A simple ion-exchange resin procedure for extracting plant-available elements from soil. Plant and Soil 46: 665–669

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Sibbesen E (1978) An investigation of the anion-exchange resin method for soil phosphate extraction. Plant and Soil 50: 305–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Sibbesen E (1983) Phosphate soil tests and their suitability to assess the phosphate status of soil. J Sci Food Agric 34: 1368–1374

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Sinclair AG, Bowditch M, Perrott KW and Watkinson JH (1990) A new approach to the economic evaluation of reactive phosphate rock as a replacement for single superphosphate. Proceedings of the New Zealand Fertiliser Manufacturers' Research Association Conference, November 1990: 249-258

  105. Smith LC, Risk WH, Roberts AH, Sinclair AG, Johnstone PD, Shannon PW, O'Connor MB, Percival N, Smith RG, Mansell G, Morton JD, Nguyen L and Dyson CB (1991) Final report on the MAF ‘National Series’ forms of phosphate fertiliser trials. Part 3: Soil Olsen P and pH. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Wellington, New Zealand. 92p

    Google Scholar 

  106. Syers JK, Mackay AD and Gregg PEH (1981) Chemical reactivity of phosphate rock materials. In Potential of phosphate rock as a direct application fertiliser in New Zealand. Massey University Occassional Report 3: 74–81

    Google Scholar 

  107. Syers JK and Mackay AD (1986) Reactions of Sechura phosphate rock and single superphosphate in soil. Soil Sci Soc Am J 50: 480–485

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Tambunan D, Hedley MJ, Bolan NS and Turner M (1993) Comparison of sequential extraction procedures for measurement of phosphate rock residues in soil. Fert Res (In press)

  109. Thomas GW and Peaslee DE (1973) Testing soils for phosphorus. In Walsh LM and Beaton JD (Eds) Soil testing and plant analysis. Revised Ed. SSSA, Madison, WI, USA. pp 115–132

    Google Scholar 

  110. Truog E (1930) The determination of the readily available phosphorus of soils. J Am Soc Agron 22: 193–204

    Google Scholar 

  111. Vaidyanathan LV and Talibudeen O (1970) Rate processes in the desorption of phosphate from soils by ion-exchange resins. J Soil Sci 21: 173–183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Van der Paaw F (1971) An effective water extraction method for the determination of plant available phosphorus. Plant Soil 34: 467–481

    Google Scholar 

  113. Van der Zee SEATM, Fokkink LGJ and Van Riemsdijk WH (1987) A new technique for assessment of reversibly adsorbed phosphate. Soil Sci Soc Am J 51: 599–604

    Google Scholar 

  114. Williams JDH, Mayer T and Nriagu JO (1980) Extractability of phosphorus from phosphate minerals common in soils and sediments. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44: 462–465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Wolf J, de Wit CT Janssen BH and Lathwell DJ (1987) Modeling long-term crop response to fertilizer phosphorus. I. The model. Agron J 79: 445–451

    Google Scholar 

  116. Yli-Halla M (1989) Reversibly adsorbed P in mineral soils of Finland. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 20: 695–709

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Yli-Halla M (1991) Phosphorus supplying capacities of soils previously fertilized with different rates of P. J Agric Sci Finland 63: 75–83

    Google Scholar 

  118. Zamuz EMD and Castro JL (1974) Evaluacion de methods de analisis de suelo para determinar fosforo asimilable. Ministerio de Ganaderia y Agricultura, Uruguay, Boletin Tecnico No 15

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. AgResearch, Ruakura Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand

    K. W. Perrott

  2. Soil and Plant Processes Division, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Private Bag 31902, Lower Hutt, New Zealand

    S. Saggar

  3. International Fertilizer Development Centre (IFDC), P.O. Box 2040, 35662, Muscle Shoals, AL, USA

    R. G. Menon

Authors
  1. K. W. Perrott
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Saggar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. G. Menon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Perrott, K.W., Saggar, S. & Menon, R.G. Evaluation of soil phosphate status where phosphate rock based fertilizers have been used. Fertilizer Research 35, 67–82 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00750221

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00750221

Key words

Search

Navigation