SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental investigations of low-Ca pyroxene stability and olivine-pyroxene-liquid equilibria at 1-atm in natural basaltic and andesitic liquids

  • Published:
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper reports experiments carried out at 1-atm under conditions of controlled oxygen fugacity, using natural andesites and andesite mixed with augite+synthetic pigeonite or augite+orthopyroxene. The experimental results are used (1) to investigate the controls of Mg# (Mg/[Mg+Fe2+]) and temperature on low-Ca pyroxene stability (pigeonite vs orthopyroxene), (2) to quantify the effects of variations in bulk composition on the position of multiple saturation boundaries in mineral component projection schemes and (3) to develop a thermodynamic model for silica activity for melts saturated with olivine and pyroxene. Over the Mg# range of 0.80–0.30 the minimum temperature of pigeonite stability in natural compositions is equivalent to the Lindsley (1983) boundary determined for pure Ca-Mg-Fe pigeonites. For the low variance, 5-phase assemblage oliv-aug-low-Ca pyroxene-plag-liquid, expressions involving liquid (Na2O+K2O)/(Na2O+K2O+CaO),Mg# and TiO2 content predict temperature and the movement of multiple saturation boundaries in pseudoternary projections in response to changing melt composition. The equilibrium for the low pressure melting of low-Ca pyroxene to olivine+liquid is formulated as a geothermometer and monitor of silica activity. Equilibrium constants estimated from thermochemical data and activities calculated for experimentally produced olivine and pyroxenes are used to develop a model for silica activity in liquid.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Albee AL, Ray L (1970) Correction factors for electron probe microanalysis of silicates, oxides, carbonates, phosphates and sulfates. Anal Chem 42:1408–1414

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker DR, Eggler DH (1987) Compositions of anhydrous and hydrous melts coexisting with plagioclase, augite, and olivine or low-Ca pyroxene from 1-atm to 8 kbar: application to the Aleutian volcanic center of Atka. Am Mineral 72:12–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker MB (1988) Evolution of lavas at Mt. Shasta volcano, N. California: An experimental and petrologic study. PhD thesis, Mass Inst of Tech, Cambridge MA, pp 430

    Google Scholar 

  • Bence AE, Albee AL (1968) Empirical correction factors for the electron microanalysis of silicates and oxides. J Geol 76:382–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Berman RG (1988) Internally consistent thermodynamic data for minerals in the system Na2O-K2O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-H2O-CO2. J Petrol 29:445–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggar GM (1972) Diopside, lithium metasilicate and the 1968 temperature scale. Mineral Mag 38:768–770

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggar GM (1974) Phase equilibrium studies of the chilled margins of some layered intrusions. Contrib Mineral Petrol 46:159–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Biggar GM, Humphries DJ (1981) The plagioclase, forsterite, diopside, liquid equilibrium in the system CaO-Na2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2. Mineral Mag 44:309–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Bottinga Y, Weill DF (1972) The viscosity of magmatic silicate liquids: A model for calculation. Am J Sci 272:438–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan WB, Thompson G, Ludden JN (1981) Compositional variation in normal MORE from 22°–25° N: mid-Atlantic ridge and Kane Fracture Zone. J Geophys Res 86:11815–11836

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael ISE, Nicholls J, Smith AL (1970) Silica activity in igneous rocks. Am Mineral 55:246–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson PM, Lindsley DH (1985) Thermodynamic analysis of quadrilateral pyroxenes, part II: Model calibration from experiments and applications to geothermometry. Contrib Mineral Petrol 91:390–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson PM, Lindsley DH (1989) Thermodynamic analysis of pyroxene-olivine-quartz equilibria in the system CaO-MgO-FeO-SiO2. Am Mineral 74:18–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson PM, Mukhopadhyay DK (1984) Ca-Mg-Fe olivines: phase relations and a solution model. Contrib Mineral Petrol 86:256–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggler DH, Osborn EF (1982) Experimental studies of the system MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-CaAl2Si2O8-NaAlSi3O8-SiO2-a model for subalkaline magmas. Am J Sci 282:1012–1041

    Google Scholar 

  • Falloon TJ, Green DH (1987) Anhydrous partial melting of MORB pyrolite and other peridotite compositions at 10 kbar: implications for the origin of primitive MORB glasses. Mineral Petrol 37:181–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii T, Scarfe CM (1985) Compositions of liquids coexisting with spinel lherzolite at 10 kbar and the genesis of MORBs. Contrib Mineral Petrol 90:18–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghiorso MS, Carmichael ISE, Rivers ML, Sack RO (1983) The Gibbs Free Energy of mixing of natural silicate liquids; an expanded regular solution approximation for the calculation of magmatic intensive variables. Contrib Mineral Petrol 84:107–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill J (1981) Orogenic andesites. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 390

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove TL (1981) Use of FePt alloys to eliminate the iron loss problem in 1 atmosphere gas mixing experiments: theoretical and practical considerations. Contrib Mineral Petrol 78:298–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove TL, Baker MB (1984) Phase equilibrium controls on tholeiitic versus calc-alkaline differentiation trends. J Geophys Res 89:3253–3274

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove TL, Bryan WB (1983) Fractionation of pyroxene-pyhric MORB at low pressure: An experimental study. Contrib Mineral Petrol 84:293–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove TL, Gerlach DC, Sando TW (1982) Origin of calc-alkaline series lavas at Medicine Lake volcano by fractionation, assimilation and mixing. Contrib Mineral Petrol 80:160–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Grove TL, Gerlach DC, Sando TW, Baker MB (1983) Origin of calc-alkaline series lavas at Medicine Lake volcano by fractionation, assimilation and mixing: corrections and clarifications. Contrib Mineral Petrol 82:407–408

    Google Scholar 

  • Helgeson HC, Delaney JM, Nesbitt HW, Bird DK (1978) Summary and critique of the thermodynamic properties of rock-forming minerals. Am J Sci 278A, pp 229

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess HH (1941) Pyroxenes of common mafic magmas. Parts 1 and 2. Am Mineral 26:515–535, 573–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill R, Roeder PL (1974) The crystallization of spinel from basaltic liquid as a function of oxygen fugacity. J Geol 82:709–729

    Google Scholar 

  • Huebner JS (1971) Buffering techniques for hydrostatic systems at elevated pressures. In: Ulmer GC (ed) Research techniques for high pressure and high temperature. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 124–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii T (1975) The relations between temperature and composition of pigeonite in some lavas and their application to geothermometry. Mineral J 8:48–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Juster TC, Grove TL, Perfit MR (1989) Experimental constraints on the generation of FeTi basalts, andesites and rhyodacites at the Galapagos Spreading Center, 85° W and 95° W. J Geophys Res 94:9251–9274

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilinc A, Carmichael ISE, Rivers ML, Sack RO (1983) The ferricferrous ratio of natural silicate liquids equilibrated in air. Contrib Mineral Petrol 83:136–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinzler RJ, Grove TL (1985) Crystallization and differentiation of Archean komatiite lavas from northeast Ontario: phase equilibrium and kinetic studies. Am Mineral 70:40–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuno H (1950) Petrology of Hakone volcano and the adjacent areas, Japan. Geol Soc Am Bull 61:957–1020

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuno H (1968) Differentiation of basalt magmas. In: Basalts, Hess HH, Poldevaart A (eds) Interscience, New York Vol 2. pp 623–688

    Google Scholar 

  • Kushiro I (1975) On the nature of silicate melt and its significance in magma genesis: regularity in the shift of liquidus boundaries involving olivine, pyroxene and silica minerals. Am J Sci 275:411–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesher CE (1986) Effects of silicate liquid composition on mineralliquid element partitioning from Soret diffusion studies. J Geophys Res 91:6123–6141

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesher CE, Walker D (1986) Solution properties of silicate liquids from thermal diffusion studies. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 50:1397–1411

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsley DH (1983) Pyroxene thermometry. Am Mineral 68:477–483

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsley DH, Andersen DJ (1983) A two-pyroxene thermometer. J Geophys Res 88:A887-A906

    Google Scholar 

  • Longhi J (1987a) Liquidus equilibria and solid solution in the system CaAl2Si2O8-Mg2SiO4-CaSiO3-SiO2 at low pressure. Am J Sci 287:265–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Longhi J (1987b) On the connection between mare basalts and picritic volcanic glasses. J Geophys Res 92:E349-E360

    Google Scholar 

  • Longhi J, Boudreau AE (1980) The orthoenstatite field in the system forsterite-diopside-silica at one atmosphere. Am Mineral 65:563–573

    Google Scholar 

  • Longhi J, Pan V (1988a) A reconnaissance study of phase boundaries in low-alkali basaltic liquids. J Petrol 29:115–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Longhi J, Pan V (1988b) Phase equilibrium constraints on the howardite-eucrite-diogenite association. Proc Lunar Planet Sci Conf 18th, pp 459–470

  • Longhi J, Pan V (1989) The parent magmas of SNC meteorites. Proc Lunar Planet Sci Conf 19th (in press)

  • Meen JK (1987) Formation of shoshonites from calcalkaline basalt magmas: geochemical and experimental constraints from the type locality. Contrib Mineral Petrol 97:333–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse SA (1979) Reaction constants for En-Fo-Sil equilibria: An adjustment and some applications. Am J Sci 279:1060–1069

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse SA (1980) Basalts and Phase Diagrams. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 493

    Google Scholar 

  • Morse SA, Lindsley DH, Williams RJ (1980) Concerning intensive parameters in the Skaergaard Intrusion. Am J Sci 280-A; 159–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Mysen BO, Ryerson FJ, Virgo D (1980) The influence of TiO2 on the structure and derivative properties of silicate melts. Am Mineral 65:1150–1165

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen RL, Drake MJ (1979) Pyroxene-melt equilibria. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43:1259–1273

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen RL, Davidson PM, Grove TL (1988) Pyroxene-melt equilibria: An updated model. Contrib Mineral Petrol 100:361–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborn EF (1959) Role of oxygen pressure in the crystallization and differentiation of basaltic magma. Am J Sci 257:609–647

    Google Scholar 

  • Presnall DC, Dixon JR, O'Donnell TH, Dixon SA (1979) Generation of mid-ocean ridge basalts. J Petrol 20:3–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Presnall DC, Hoover JD (1984) Composition and depth of origin of primary mid-ocean ridge basalts. Contrib Mineral Petrol 87:170–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Presnall DC, Hoover JD (1987) High pressure phase equilibrium constraints on the origin of mid-ocean ridge basalts. Magmatic processes: Physicochemical principles. Geochem Soc Spec Pub 1:75–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Richet P, Bottinga Y, Denielou L, Petitet JP, Tequi C (1982) Thermodynamic properties of quartz, cristobalite and amorphous SiO2: drop calorimetry measurements between 1000 and 1800 K and a review from 0 to 2000 K. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 46:2639–2658

    Google Scholar 

  • Robie RA, Hemingway BS, Fisher JR (1978) Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 bar (105 Pascals) pressure and at higher temperatures. USGS Bulletin 1452, pp 456

  • Roeder PL, Osborn EF (1966) Experimental data for the system MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-CaAl2Si2O8-SiO2 and their petrologic implications. Am J Sci 266:428–480

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross M, Huebner JS (1979) Temperature-composition relationships between naturally occurring augite, pigeonite and orthopyroxene at one bar pressure. Am Mineral 64:1133–1155

    Google Scholar 

  • Sack RO, Walker D, Carmichael ISE (1987) Experimental petrology of alkalic lavas: constraints on cotectics of multiple saturation in natural basic liquids. Contrib Mineral Petrol 96:1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Stakes DS, Shervais JW, Hopson CA (1984) The volcanic-tectonic cycle of the FAMOUS and AMAR valleys, mid-Atlantic ridge (36°47′N): Evidence from basalt glass and phenocryst compositional variations for a steady state magma chamber beneath the valley midsections, AMAR3. J Geophys Res 89:6995–7028

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi E, Kushiro I (1983) Melting of a dry peridotite at high pressures and basalt magma genesis. Am Mineral 68:859–879

    Google Scholar 

  • Tormey D, Grove TL, Bryan WB (1987) Experimental petrology of normal MORB near the Kane Fracture Zone: 22°–25° N, mid-Atlantic ridge. Contrib Mineral Petrol 96:121–139

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA

    T. L. Grove & T. C. Juster

Authors
  1. T. L. Grove
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. C. Juster
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Grove, T.L., Juster, T.C. Experimental investigations of low-Ca pyroxene stability and olivine-pyroxene-liquid equilibria at 1-atm in natural basaltic and andesitic liquids. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 103, 287–305 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402916

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00402916

Keywords

Search

Navigation