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CSA raw mix design: effect on clinker formation and reactivity

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Abstract

This study assesses the impact of variations of the raw mix design, with respect to the type and proportions of materials, on the formation of calcium sulphoaluminate belite (CSA) type clinkers. Additionally, the hydraulic reactivity, depending on both the raw mix design as well as on the clinker composition, is addressed. Various industrial byproducts and wastes were used to produce raw mixes for different classes of CSA clinkers. The clinkers differed in the ye’elimite over belite ratios: 60/20, 40/40 and 20/60. It was possible to produce all classes of CSA with a relatively comparable mineralogy for a given ye’elimite over belite ratio. The formed clinkers show profoundly different hydration characteristics at early age, depending on the initial raw mix composition. However, after 24 hours, a very comparable hydration development was observed by means of isothermal calorimetry. The hydrates assemblage after 2 days of hydration consists mainly of AFt, X-ray amorphous phases and traces of poorly crystalline phases like aluminium hydroxide and strätlingite. The cement notation is used throughout the document: A = (Al)2O3, C = CaO, F = (Fe)2O3, H = H2O, K = H2O, M = MgO, S = SiO2, T = TiO2, \(\overline{S}\) = (SO)3.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Jan Skocek for his support and the helpful discussions. Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their critical evaluation and contribution.

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  1. HeidelbergCement Technology Center GmbH, Leimen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

    Frank Bullerjahn, Maciej Zajac & Mohsen Ben Haha

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  1. Frank Bullerjahn
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Correspondence to Frank Bullerjahn.

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Bullerjahn, F., Zajac, M. & Ben Haha, M. CSA raw mix design: effect on clinker formation and reactivity. Mater Struct 48, 3895–3911 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0451-z

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