A general composite iterative method for strictly pseudocontractive map**s in Hilbert spaces

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a new general composite iterative method for finding a fixed point of a strictly pseudocontractive map** in Hilbert spaces. We establish the strong convergence of the sequence generated by the proposed iterative method to a fixed point of the map**, which is the unique solution of a certain variational inequality. In particular, we utilize weaker control conditions than previous ones in order to show strong convergence. Our results complement, develop, and improve upon the corresponding ones given by some authors recently in this area.

MSC:47H09, 47H05, 47H10, 47J25, 49M05, 47J05.

1 Introduction

Let H be a real Hilbert space with inner product $〈\cdot ,\cdot 〉$ and induced norm $\parallel \cdot \parallel$. Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of H and let $T:C\to C$ be a self-map** on C. We denote by $Fix(T)$ the set of fixed points of T.

We recall that a map** $T:C\to H$ is said to be k-strictly pseudocontractive if there exists a constant $k\in [0,1)$ such that

$${\parallel Tx-Ty\parallel }^2\le {\parallel x-y\parallel }^2+k{\parallel (I-T)x-(I-T)y\parallel }^2,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C.$$

The map** T is pseudocontractive if and only if

$$〈Tx-Ty,x-y〉\le {\parallel x-y\parallel }^2,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C.$$

T is strongly pseudocontractive if and only if there exists a constant $\lambda \in (0,1)$ such that

$$〈Tx-Ty,x-y〉\le (1-\lambda ){\parallel x-y\parallel }^2,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C.$$

Note that the class of k-strictly pseudocontractive map**s includes the class of nonexpansive map**s T on C (i.e., $\parallel Tx-Ty\parallel \le \parallel x-y\parallel$, $\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in C$) as a subclass. That is, T is nonexpansive if and only if T is 0-strictly pseudocontractive. The map** T is also said to be pseudocontractive if $k=1$ and T is said to be strongly pseudocontractive if there exists a positive constant $\lambda \in (0,1)$ such that $T-\lambda I$ is pseudocontractive. Clearly, the class of k-strictly pseudocontractive map**s falls into the one between classes of nonexpansive map**s and pseudocontractive map**s. Also we remark that the class of strongly pseudocontractive map**s is independent of the class of k-strictly pseudocontractive map**s (see [1–3]). The class of pseudocontractive map**s is one of the most important classes of map**s among nonlinear map**s. Recently, many authors have been devoting the studies on the problems of finding fixed points for pseudocontractive map**s; see, for example, [4–9] and the references therein.

Let A be a strongly positive bounded linear operator on H. That is, there is a constant $\overline{\gamma }>0$ with the property

$$〈Ax,x〉\ge \overline{\gamma }{\parallel x\parallel }^2,\mathrm{\forall }x\in H.$$

It is well known that iterative methods for nonexpansive map**s can be used to solve a convex minimization problem: see, e.g., [10–12] and the references therein. A typical problem is that of minimizing a quadratic function over the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive map** on a real Hilbert space H:

$$\underset{x\in C}{min}\frac{1}{2}〈Ax,x〉-〈x,b〉,$$

(1.1)

where C is the fixed point set of a nonexpansive map** S on H and b is a given point in H. In [11], Xu proved that the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by the iterative method for a nonexpansive map** S presented below with the initial guess $x_0\in H$ chosen arbitrary:

$$x_{n+1}={\alpha }_{n}b+(I-{\alpha }_{n}A)S{x}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.2)

converges strongly to the unique solution of the minimization problem (1.1) provided the sequence $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ satisfies certain conditions.

In [13], combining the Moudafi viscosity approximation method [14] with Xu’s method (1.2), Marino and Xu [13] considered the following general iterative method for a nonexpansive map** S:

$$x_{n+1}={\alpha }_n\gamma f{x}_n+(I-{\alpha }_{n}A)S{x}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.3)

where f is a contractive map** on H with a constant $\alpha \in (0,1)$ (i.e., there exists a constant $\alpha \in (0,1)$ such that $\parallel f(x)-f(y)\parallel \le \alpha \parallel x-y\parallel$, $\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in H$). They proved that if the sequence $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ of control parameters satisfies appropriate conditions, then the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (1.3) converges strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality

$$〈(\gamma f-A)\tilde{x},x-\tilde{x}〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in Fix(S),$$

which is the optimality condition for the minimization problem

$$\underset{x\in Fix(S)}{min}\frac{1}{2}〈Ax,x〉-h(x),$$

where h is a potential function for γf (i.e., $h^{\prime }=\gamma f$).

On the other hand, Yamada [12] introduced the following hybrid steepest-descent method for a nonexpansive map** S for solving the variational inequality:

$$x_{n+1}=(I-{\xi }_n\mu F)S{x}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.4)

where $S:H\to H$ is a nonexpansive map** with $Fix(S)\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }$; $F:H\to H$ is a ρ-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator with constants $\rho >0$ and $\eta >0$ (i.e., $\parallel Fx-Fy\parallel \le \rho \parallel x-y\parallel$ and $〈Fx-Fy,x-y〉\ge \eta {\parallel x-y\parallel }^2$, $x,y\in H$, respectively), and $0<\mu <\frac{2\eta }{{\rho }^2}$, and then proved that if $\{{\xi }_n\}$ satisfies appropriate conditions, the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (1.4) converges strongly to the unique solution of the variational inequality:

$$〈F\tilde{x},x-\tilde{x}〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }x\in Fix(S).$$

In 2010, by combining Yamada’s hybrid steepest-descent method (1.4) with Marino with Xu’s method (1.3), Tian [15] introduced the following general iterative method for a nonexpansive map** S:

$$x_{n+1}={\alpha }_n\gamma f{x}_n+(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)S{x}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.5)

where f is a contractive map** on H with a constant $\alpha \in (0,1)$. His results improved and complemented the corresponding results of Marino and Xu [13]. In [16], Tian also considered the following general iterative method for a nonexpansive map** S:

$$x_{n+1}={\alpha }_n\gamma V{x}_n+(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)S{x}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.6)

where $V:H\to H$ is a Lipschitzian map** with a constant $l\ge 0$. In particular, the results in [16] extended the results of Tian [15] from the case of the contractive map** f to the case of a Lipschitzian map** V.

In 2011, Ceng et al. [17] also introduced the following iterative method for the nonexpansive map** S:

$$x_{n+1}=P_C[{\alpha }_n\gamma V{x}_n+(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)S{x}_n],\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.7)

where $F:C\to H$ is a ρ-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator with constants $\rho >0$ and $\eta >0$, $V:C\to H$ is an l-Lipschitzian map** with a constant $l\ge 0$ and $0<\mu <\frac{2\eta }{{\rho }^2}$. In particular, by using appropriate control conditions on $\{{\alpha }_n\}$, they proved that the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (1.7) converges strongly to a fixed point $\tilde{x}$ of S, which is the unique solution of the following variational inequality related to the operator F:

$$〈\mu F\tilde{x}-\gamma V\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-p〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }p\in Fix(S).$$

Their results also improved the results of Tian [15] from the case of the contractive map** f to the case of a Lipschitzian map** V.

In 2011, Ceng et al. [18] introduced the following general composite iterative method for a nonexpansive map** S:

$$\{\begin{array}{c}{y}_n=(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)S{x}_n+{\alpha }_n\gamma f{x}_n,\hfill \\ x_{n+1}=(I-{\beta }_{n}A)S{x}_n+{\beta }_n{y}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,\hfill \end{array}$$

(1.8)

which combines Xu’s method (1.2) with Tian’s method (1.5). Under appropriate control conditions on $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ and $\{{\beta }_n\}$, they proved that the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (1.8) converges strongly to a fixed point $\tilde{x}$ of S, which is the unique solution of the following variational inequality related to the operator A:

$$〈(A-I)\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-p〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }p\in Fix(S).$$

Their results supplemented and developed the corresponding ones of Marino and Xu [13], Yamada [12] and Tian [15].

On the another hand, in 2011, by combining Yamada’s hybrid steepest-descent method (1.4) with Marino and Xu’s method (1.3), Jung [7] considered the following explicit iterative scheme for finding fixed points of a k-strictly pseudocontractive map** T for some $0\le k<1$:

$$x_{n+1}={\alpha }_n\gamma f(x_n)+{\beta }_n{x}_n+((1-{\beta }_n)I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)P_{C}S{x}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

(1.9)

where $S:C\to H$ is a map** defined by $Sx=kx+(1-k)Tx$; $P_C$ is the metric projection of H onto C; $f:C\to C$ is a contractive map** with a constant $\alpha \in (0,1)$; $F:C\to C$ is a ρ-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator with constants $\rho >0$ and $\eta >0$; and $0<\mu <\frac{2\eta }{{\rho }^2}$. Under suitable control conditions on $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ and $\{{\beta }_n\}$, he proved that the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (1.9) converges strongly to a fixed point $\tilde{x}$ of T, which is the unique solution of the following variational inequality related to the operator F:

$$〈\mu F\tilde{x}-\gamma f\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-p〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }p\in Fix(T).$$

His result also improved and complemented the corresponding results of Cho et al. [5], Jung [6], Marino and Xu [13] and Tian [15].

In this paper, motivated and inspired by the above-mentioned results, we will combine Xu’s method (1.2) with Tian’s method (1.6) for a k-strictly pseudocontractive map** T for some $0\le k<1$ and consider the following new general composite iterative method for finding an element of $Fix(T)$:

$$\{\begin{array}{c}{y}_n={\alpha }_n\gamma V{x}_n+(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T_n{x}_n,\hfill \\ x_{n+1}=(I-{\beta }_{n}A)T_n{x}_n+{\beta }_n{y}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,\hfill \end{array}$$

(1.10)

where $T_n:H\to H$ is a map** defined by $T_{n}x={\lambda }_{n}x+(1-{\lambda }_n)Tx$ for $0\le k\le {\lambda }_n\le \lambda <1$ and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\lambda }_n=\lambda$; A is a strongly positive bounded linear operator on H with a constant $\overline{\gamma }\in (1,2)$; $\{{\alpha }_n\}\subset [0,1]$ and $\{{\beta }_n\}\subset (0,1]$ satisfy appropriate conditions; $V:H\to H$ is a Lipschitzian map** with a constant $l\ge 0$; $F:H\to H$ is a ρ-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator with constants $\rho >0$ and $\eta >0$; and $0<\mu <\frac{2\eta }{{\rho }^2}$. By using weaker control conditions than previous ones, we establish the strong convergence of the sequence generated by the proposed iterative method (1.10) to a point $\tilde{x}$ in $Fix(T)$, which is the unique solution of the variational inequality related to A:

$$〈(A-I)\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-p〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }p\in Fix(T).$$

Our results complement, develop, and improve upon the corresponding ones given by Cho et al. [5] and Jung [6–8] for the strictly pseudocontractive map** as well as Yamada [12], Marino and Xu [13], Tian [15] and Ceng et al. [17] and Ceng et al. [18] for the nonexpansive map**.

2 Preliminaries and lemmas

Throughout this paper, when $\{x_n\}$ is a sequence in H, $x_n\to x$ (resp., $x_n\rightharpoonup x$) will denote strong (resp., weak) convergence of the sequence $\{x_n\}$ to x.

For every point $x\in H$, there exists a unique nearest point in C, denoted by $P_C(x)$, such that

$$\parallel x-P_C(x)\parallel \le \parallel x-y\parallel ,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C.$$

$P_C$ is called the metric projection of H to C. It is well known that $P_C$ is nonexpansive and that, for $x\in H$,

$$z=P_{C}x⟺〈x-z,y-z〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }y\in C.$$

(2.1)

In a Hilbert space H, we have

$${\parallel x-y\parallel }^2={\parallel x\parallel }^2+{\parallel y\parallel }^2-2〈x,y〉,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in H.$$

(2.2)

Lemma 2.1 In a real Hilbert space H, the following inequality holds:

$${\parallel x+y\parallel }^2\le {\parallel x\parallel }^2+2〈y,x+y〉,\mathrm{\forall }x,y\in H.$$

Let LIM be a Banach limit. According to time and circumstances, we use ${LIM}_n(a_n)$ instead of $LIM(a)$ for every $a=\{a_n\}\in {\ell }^{\mathrm{\infty }}$. The following properties are well known:

• (i) for all $n\ge 1$, $a_n\le c_n$ implies ${LIM}_n(a_n)\le {LIM}_n(c_n)$,

• (ii) ${LIM}_n(a_{n+N})={LIM}_n(a_n)$ for any fixed positive integer N,

• (iii) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}inf}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n\le {LIM}_n(a_n)\le {lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n$ for all $\{a_n\}\in l^{\mathrm{\infty }}$.

The following lemma was given in [[19], Proposition 2].

Lemma 2.2 Let $a\in \mathbb{R}$ be a real number and let a sequence $\{a_n\}\in l^{\mathrm{\infty }}$ satisfy the condition ${LIM}_n(a_n)\le a$ for all Banach limit LIM. If ${lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}(a_{n+1}-a_n)\le 0$, then ${lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n\le a$.

We also need the following lemmas for the proof of our main results.

Lemma 2.3 ([20, 21])

Let $\{s_n\}$ be a sequence of non-negative real numbers satisfying

$$s_{n+1}\le (1-{\omega }_n)s_n+{\omega }_n{\delta }_n+r_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

where $\{{\omega }_n\}$, $\{{\delta }_n\}$, and $\{r_n\}$ satisfy the following conditions:

• (i) $\{{\omega }_n\}\subset [0,1]$ and ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\omega }_n=\mathrm{\infty }$,

• (ii) ${lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\delta }_n\le 0$ or ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\omega }_n|{\delta }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$,

• (iii) $r_n\ge 0$ ($n\ge 0$), ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{r}_n<\mathrm{\infty }$.

Then ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{s}_n=0$.

Lemma 2.4 ([22] Demiclosedness principle)

Let C be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H, and let $S:C\to C$ be a nonexpansive map**. Then the map** $I-S$ is demiclosed. That is, if $\{x_n\}$ is a sequence in C such that $x_n\rightharpoonup x^{\ast }$ and $(I-S)x_n\to y$, then $(I-S)x^{\ast }=y$.

Lemma 2.5 ([23])

Let H be a real Hilbert space and let C be a closed convex subset of H. Let $T:C\to H$ be a k-strictly pseudocontractive map** on C. Then the following hold:

• (i) The fixed point set $Fix(T)$ is closed convex, so that the projection $P_{Fix(T)}$ is well defined.

• (ii) $Fix(P_{C}T)=Fix(T)$.

• (iii) If we define a map** $S:C\to H$ by $Sx=\lambda x+(1-\lambda )Tx$ for all $x\in C$. then, as $\lambda \in [k,1)$, S is a nonexpansive map** such that $Fix(T)=Fix(S)$.

The following lemma can easily be proven (see also [12]).

Lemma 2.6 Let H be a real Hilbert space H. Let $F:H\to H$ be a ρ-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator with constants $\rho >0$ and $\eta >0$. Let $0<\mu <\frac{2\eta }{{\rho }^2}$ and $0<t<\xi \le 1$. Then $G:=\xi I-t\mu F:H\to H$ is a contractive map** with constant $\xi -t\tau$, where $\tau =1-\sqrt{1-\mu (2\eta -\mu {\rho }^2)}$.

Lemma 2.7 ([13])

Assume that A is a strongly positive bounded linear operator on H with a coefficient $\overline{\gamma }>0$ and $0<\zeta \le {\parallel A\parallel }^{-1}$. Then $\parallel I-\zeta A\parallel \le 1-\zeta \overline{\gamma }$.

Finally, we recall that the sequence $\{x_n\}$ in H is said to be weakly asymptotically regular if

$$w\text{-}\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}(x_{n+1}-x_n)=0,\text{that is, }{x}_{n+1}-x_n\rightharpoonup 0$$

and asymptotically regular if

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel =0,$$

respectively.

3 The main results

Throughout the rest of this paper, we always assume the following:

• H is a real Hilbert space;

• $T:H\to H$ is a k-strictly pseudocontractive map** with $Fix(T)\ne \mathrm{\varnothing }$ for some $0\le k<1$;

• $F:H\to H$ is a ρ-Lipschitzian and η-strongly monotone operator with constants $\rho >0$ and $\eta >0$;

• $A:H\to H$ is a strongly positive linear bounded operator on H with a constant $\overline{\gamma }\in (1,2)$;

• $V:H\to H$ is an l-Lipschitzian map** with a constant $l\ge 0$;

• $0<\mu <\frac{2\eta }{{\rho }^2}$ and $0\le \gamma l<\tau$, where $\tau =1-\sqrt{1-\mu (2\eta -\mu {\rho }^2)}$;

• $T_t:H\to H$ is a map** defined by $T_{t}x={\lambda }_{t}x+(1-{\lambda }_t)Tx$, $t\in (0,1)$, for $0\le k\le {\lambda }_t\le \lambda <1$ and ${lim}_{t\to 0}{\lambda }_t=\lambda$;

• $T_n:H\to H$ is a map** defined by $T_{n}x={\lambda }_{n}x+(1-{\lambda }_n)Tx$ for $0\le k\le {\lambda }_n\le \lambda <1$ and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\lambda }_n=\lambda$;

• $P_{Fix(T)}$ is a metric projection of H onto $Fix(T)$.

By Lemma 2.5(iii), we note that $T_t$ and $T_n$ are nonexpansive and $Fix(T)=Fix(T_t)=Fix(T_n)$.

In this section, we introduce the following general composite scheme that generates a net ${\{x_t\}}_{t\in (0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})}$ in an implicit way:

$$x_t=(I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_t{x}_t+{\theta }_t[t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t].$$

(3.1)

We prove strong convergence of $\{x_t\}$ as $t\to 0$ to a fixed point $\tilde{x}$ of T which is a solution of the following variational inequality:

$$〈(A-I)\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-p〉\le 0,\mathrm{\forall }p\in Fix(T).$$

(3.2)

We also propose the following general composite explicit scheme, which generates a sequence in an explicit way:

$$\{\begin{array}{c}{y}_n={\alpha }_n\gamma V{x}_n+(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T_n{x}_n,\hfill \\ x_{n+1}=(I-{\beta }_{n}A)T_n{x}_n+{\beta }_n{y}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.3)

where $\{{\alpha }_n\}\in [0,1]$, $\{{\beta }_n\}\subset (0,1]$ and $x_0\in H$ is an arbitrary initial guess, and establish strong convergence of this sequence to a fixed point $\tilde{x}$ of T, which is also the unique solution of the variational inequality (3.2).

Now, for $t\in (0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})$ and ${\theta }_t\in (0,{\parallel A\parallel }^{-1}]$, consider a map** $Q_t:H\to H$ defined by

$$Q_{t}x=(I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_{t}x+{\theta }_t[t\gamma Vx+(I-t\mu F)T_{t}x],\mathrm{\forall }x\in H.$$

It is easy to see that $Q_t$ is a contractive map** with constant $1-{\theta }_t(\overline{\gamma }-1+t(\tau -\gamma l))$. Indeed, by Lemma 2.6 and Lemma 2.7, we have

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel Q_{t}x-Q_{t}y\parallel & \le & \parallel (I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_{t}x-(I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_{t}y\parallel \\ +{\theta }_t\parallel [t\gamma Vx+(I-t\mu F)T_{t}x]-[t\gamma Vy+(I-t\mu F)T_{t}y]\parallel \\ \le & (1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma })\parallel x-y\parallel +{\theta }_t[t\gamma \parallel Vx-Vy\parallel +\parallel (I-t\mu F)T_{t}x-(I-t\mu F)T_{t}y\parallel ]\\ \le & (1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma })\parallel x-y\parallel +{\theta }_t(1-t(\tau -\gamma l))\parallel x-y\parallel \\ =& [1-{\theta }_t(\overline{\gamma }-1+t(\tau -\gamma l))]\parallel x-y\parallel .\end{array}$$

Since $\overline{\gamma }\in (1,2)$, $\tau -\gamma l>0$, and

$$0<t<min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\}\le \frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l},$$

it follows that

$$0<(\overline{\gamma }-1+t(\tau -\gamma l))<1,$$

which along with $0<{\theta }_t\le {\parallel A\parallel }^{-1}<1$ yields

$$0<1-{\theta }_t(\overline{\gamma }-1+t(\tau -\gamma l))<1.$$

Hence $Q_t$ is a contractive map**. By the Banach contraction principle, $Q_t$ has a unique fixed point, denoted $x_t$, which uniquely solves the fixed point equation (3.1).

We summary the basic properties of $\{x_t\}$, which can be proved by the same method in [18]. We include its proof for the sake of completeness.

Proposition 3.1 Let $\{x_t\}$ be defined via (3.1). Then

• (i) $\{x_t\}$ is bounded for $t\in (0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})$;

• (ii) ${lim}_{t\to 0}\parallel x_t-T_t{x}_t\parallel =0$ provided ${lim}_{t\to 0}{\theta }_t=0$;

• (iii) $x_t:(0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})\to H$ is locally Lipschitzian provided ${\theta }_t:(0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})\to (0,{\parallel A\parallel }^{-1}]$ is locally Lipschitzian, and ${\lambda }_t:(0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})\to [k,\lambda ]$ is locally Lipschitzian;

• (iv) $x_t$ defines a continuous path from $(0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})$ into H provided ${\theta }_t:(0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})\to (0,{\parallel A\parallel }^{-1}]$ is continuous, and ${\lambda }_t:(0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})\to [k,\lambda ]$ is continuous.

Proof (1) Let $p\in Fix(T)$. Observing $Fix(T)=Fix(T_t)$ by Lemma 2.5(iii), we have

$$\begin{array}{c}\parallel x_t-p\parallel \hfill \\ =\parallel (I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_t{x}_t+{\theta }_t[t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t]-p\parallel \hfill \\ =\parallel (I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_t{x}_t-(I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_{t}p+{\theta }_t[t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t-p]+{\theta }_t(I-A)p\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel (I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_t{x}_t-(I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_{t}p\parallel +{\theta }_t\parallel t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t-p\parallel +{\theta }_t\parallel (I-A)p\parallel \hfill \\ =\parallel (I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_t{x}_t-(I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_{t}p\parallel \hfill \\ +{\theta }_t\parallel (I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t-(I-t\mu F)T_{t}p+t(\gamma V{x}_t-\mu Fp)\parallel +{\theta }_t\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel \hfill \\ \le (1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma })\parallel x_t-p\parallel +{\theta }_t[(1-t\tau )\parallel x_t-p\parallel +t(\gamma l\parallel x_t-p\parallel +\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel )]\hfill \\ +{\theta }_t\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel .\hfill \end{array}$$

So, it follows that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel x_t-p\parallel & \le & \frac{\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel +t\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel }{\overline{\gamma }-1+t(\tau -\gamma l)}\le \frac{\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel +t\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel }{\overline{\gamma }-1}\\ \le & \frac{\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel +\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel }{\overline{\gamma }-1}.\end{array}$$

Hence $\{x_t\}$ is bounded and so are $\{V{x}_t\}$, $\{T{x}_t\}$, $\{T_t{x}_t\}$, and $\{F{T}_t{x}_t\}$.

(ii) By the definition of $\{x_t\}$, we have

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel x_t-T_t{x}_t\parallel & =& \parallel {\theta }_t[(I-A)T_t{x}_t+t(\gamma V{x}_t-\mu F{T}_t{x}_t)]\parallel \\ =& {\theta }_t\parallel (I-A)T_t{x}_t+t(\gamma V{x}_t-\mu F{T}_t{x}_t)\parallel \\ \le & {\theta }_t\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel T_t{x}_t\parallel +t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu F{T}_t{x}_t\parallel \to 0\text{as }t\to 0,\end{array}$$

by the boundedness of $\{V{x}_t\}$ and $\{F{T}_t{x}_t\}$ in (i).

• (iii) Let $t,t_0\in (0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})$, Noting that

  $$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel T_t{x}_t-T_{t_0}{x}_{t_0}\parallel & \le & \parallel T_t{x}_t-T_t{x}_{t_0}\parallel +\parallel T_t{x}_{t_0}-T_{t_0}{x}_{t_0}\parallel \\ \le & \parallel x_t-x_{t_0}\parallel +|{\lambda }_t-{\lambda }_{t_0}|\parallel x_{t_0}-T{x}_{t_0}\parallel ,\end{array}$$

we calculate

$$\begin{array}{c}\parallel x_t-x_{t_0}\parallel \hfill \\ =\parallel (I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_t{x}_t+{\theta }_t[t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t]\hfill \\ -(I-{\theta }_{t_0}A)T_{t_0}{x}_{t_0}-{\theta }_{t_0}[t_0\gamma V{x}_{t_0}+(I-t_0\mu F)T_{t_0}{x}_{t_0}]\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel (I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_t{x}_t-(I-{\theta }_{t_0}A)T_t{x}_t\parallel +\parallel (I-{\theta }_{t_0}A)T_t{x}_t-(I-{\theta }_{t_0}A)T_{t_0}{x}_{t_0}\parallel \hfill \\ +|{\theta }_t-{\theta }_{t_0}|\parallel t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t\parallel \hfill \\ +{\theta }_{t_0}\parallel [t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t]-[t_0\gamma V{x}_{t_0}+(I-t_0\mu F)T_{t_0}{x}_{t_0}]\parallel \hfill \\ \le |{\theta }_t-{\theta }_{t_0}|\parallel A\parallel \parallel T_t{x}_t\parallel +(1-{\theta }_{t_0}\overline{\gamma })\parallel T_t{x}_t-T_{t_0}{x}_{t_0}\parallel \hfill \\ +|{\theta }_t-{\theta }_{t_0}|\parallel t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t\parallel +{\theta }_{t_0}\parallel (t-t_0)\gamma V{x}_t+t_0\gamma (V{x}_t-V{x}_{t_0})\hfill \\ -(t-t_0)\mu F{T}_t{x}_t+(I-t_0\mu F)T_t{x}_t-(I-t_0\mu F)T_{t_0}{x}_{t_0}\parallel \hfill \\ \le |{\theta }_t-{\theta }_{t_0}|\parallel A\parallel \parallel T_t{x}_t\parallel +(1-{\theta }_{t_0}\overline{\gamma })[\parallel x_t-x_{t_0}\parallel +|{\lambda }_t-{\lambda }_{t_0}|\parallel x_{t_0}-T{x}_{t_0}\parallel ]\hfill \\ +|{\theta }_t-{\theta }_{t_0}|[\parallel T_t{x}_t\parallel +t(\gamma \parallel V{x}_t\parallel +\mu \parallel F{T}_t{x}_t\parallel )]\hfill \\ +{\theta }_{t_0}[(\gamma \parallel V{x}_t\parallel +\mu \parallel F{T}_t{x}_t\parallel )|t-t_0|+t_0\gamma l\parallel x_t-x_{t_0}\parallel +(1-t_0\tau )\parallel T_t{x}_t-T_{t_0}{x}_{t_0}\parallel ]\hfill \\ \le |{\theta }_t-{\theta }_{t_0}|\parallel A\parallel \parallel T_t{x}_t\parallel +(1-{\theta }_{t_0}\overline{\gamma })(\parallel x_t-x_{t_0}\parallel +|{\lambda }_t-{\lambda }_{t_0}|\parallel x_{t_0}-T{x}_{t_0}\parallel )\hfill \\ +|{\theta }_t-{\theta }_{t_0}|(\parallel T_t{x}_t\parallel +\gamma \parallel V{x}_t\parallel +\mu \parallel F{T}_t{x}_t\parallel )\hfill \\ +{\theta }_{t_0}(\gamma \parallel V{x}_t\parallel +\mu \parallel F{T}_t{x}_t\parallel )|t-t_0|+{\theta }_{t_0}{t}_0\gamma l\parallel x_t-x_{t_0}\parallel \hfill \\ +{\theta }_{t_0}(1-t_0\tau )(\parallel x_t-x_{t_0}\parallel +|{\lambda }_t-{\lambda }_{t_0}|\parallel x_{t_0}-T{x}_{t_0}\parallel ).\hfill \end{array}$$

This implies that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel x_t-x_{t_0}\parallel & \le & \frac{\parallel A\parallel \parallel T_t{x}_t\parallel +\parallel T_t{x}_t\parallel +\gamma \parallel V{x}_t\parallel +\mu \parallel F{T}_t{x}_t\parallel }{{\theta }_{t_0}(\overline{\gamma }-1+t_0(\tau -\gamma l))}|{\theta }_t-{\theta }_{t_0}|\\ +\frac{\gamma \parallel V{x}_t\parallel +\mu \parallel F{T}_t{x}_t\parallel }{\overline{\gamma }-1+t_0(\tau -\gamma l)}|t-t_0|\\ +\frac{[1-{\theta }_{t_0}(\overline{\gamma }-1+t_0\tau )]\parallel x_{t_0}-T{x}_{t_0}\parallel }{{\theta }_{t_0}(\overline{\gamma }-1+t_0(\tau -\gamma l))}|{\lambda }_t-{\lambda }_{t_0}|.\end{array}$$

Since ${\theta }_t:(0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})\to (0,{\parallel A\parallel }^{-1}]$ is locally Lipschitzian, and ${\lambda }_t:(0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})\to [k,\lambda ]$ is locally Lipschitzian, $x_t$ is also locally Lipschitzian.

• (iv) From the last inequality in (iii), the result follows immediately. □

We prove the following theorem for strong convergence of the net $\{x_t\}$ as $t\to 0$, which guarantees the existence of solutions of the variational inequality (3.2).

Theorem 3.1 Let the net $\{x_t\}$ be defined via (3.1). If ${lim}_{t\to 0}{\theta }_t=0$, then $x_t$ converges strongly to a fixed point $\tilde{x}$ of T as $t\to 0$, which solves the variational inequality (3.2). Equivalently, we have $P_{Fix(T)}(2I-A)\tilde{x}=\tilde{x}$.

Proof We first show the uniqueness of a solution of the variational inequality (3.2), which is indeed a consequence of the strong monotonicity of $A-I$. In fact, since A is a strongly positive bounded linear operator with a coefficient $\overline{\gamma }\in (1,2)$, we know that $A-I$ is strongly monotone with a coefficient $\overline{\gamma }-1\in (0,1)$. Suppose that $\tilde{x}\in Fix(T)$ and $\hat{x}\in Fix(T)$ both are solutions to (3.2). Then we have

$$〈(A-I)\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-\hat{x}〉\le 0$$

(3.4)

and

$$〈(A-I)\hat{x},\hat{x}-\tilde{x}〉\le 0.$$

(3.5)

Adding up (3.4) and (3.5) yields

$$〈(A-I)\tilde{x}-(A-I)\hat{x},\tilde{x}-\hat{x}〉\le 0.$$

The strong monotonicity of $A-I$ implies that $\tilde{x}=\hat{x}$ and the uniqueness is proved.

Next, we prove that $x_t\to \tilde{x}$ as $t\to 0$. Observing $Fix(T)=Fix(T_t)$ by Lemma 2.5(iii), from (3.1), we write, for given $p\in Fix(T)$,

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{x}_t-p& =& (I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_t{x}_t-(I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_{t}p+{\theta }_t[t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t-p]+{\theta }_t(I-A)p\\ =& (I-{\theta }_{t}A)(T_t{x}_t-T_{t}p)+{\theta }_t[t(\gamma V{x}_t-\mu Fp)+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t-(I-t\mu F)p]\\ +{\theta }_t(I-A)p,\end{array}$$

to derive

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel x_t-p\parallel }^2& =& 〈(I-{\theta }_{t}A)(T_t{x}_t-T_{t}p),x_t-p〉+{\theta }_t[t〈\gamma V{x}_t-\mu Fp,x_t-p〉\\ +〈(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t-(I-t\mu F)p,x_t-p〉]+{\theta }_t〈(I-A)p,x_t-p〉\\ \le & (1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma }){\parallel x_t-p\parallel }^2+{\theta }_t[(1-t\tau ){\parallel x_t-p\parallel }^2+t\gamma l{\parallel x_t-p\parallel }^2\\ +t〈\gamma Vp-\mu Fp,x_t-p〉]+{\theta }_t〈(I-A)p,x_t-p〉\\ =& [1-{\theta }_t(\overline{\gamma }-1+t(\tau -\gamma l))]{\parallel x_t-p\parallel }^2\\ +{\theta }_t(t〈\gamma Vp-\mu Fp,x_t-p〉+〈(I-A)p,x_t-p〉).\end{array}$$

Therefore,

$${\parallel x_t-p\parallel }^2\le \frac{1}{\overline{\gamma }-1+t(\tau -\gamma l)}(t〈\gamma Vp-\mu Fp,x_t-p〉+〈(I-A)p,x_t-p〉).$$

(3.6)

Since $\{x_t\}$ is bounded as $t\to 0$ (by Proposition 3.1(i)), we see that if $\{t_n\}$ is a subsequence in $(0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})$ such that $t_n\to 0$ and $x_{t_n}\rightharpoonup x^{\ast }$, then from (3.6), we obtain $x_{t_n}\to x^{\ast }$. We show that $x^{\ast }\in Fix(T)$. To this end, define $S:H\to H$ by $Sx=\lambda x+(1-\lambda )Tx$, $\mathrm{\forall }x\in H$, for $0\le k\le \lambda <1$. Then S is nonexpansive with $Fix(S)=Fix(T)$ by Lemma 2.5(iii). Noticing that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel S{x}_{t_n}-x_{t_n}\parallel & \le & \parallel S{x}_{t_n}-T_{t_n}{x}_{t_n}\parallel +\parallel T_{t_n}{x}_{t_n}-x_{t_n}\parallel \\ =& (\lambda -{\lambda }_{t_n})\parallel x_{t_n}-T{x}_{t_n}\parallel +\parallel T_{t_n}{x}_{t_n}-x_{t_n}\parallel \\ =& \frac{\lambda -{\lambda }_{t_n}}{1-{\lambda }_{t_n}}\parallel x_{t_n}-T_{t_n}{x}_{t_n}\parallel +\parallel T_{t_n}{x}_{t_n}-x_{t_n}\parallel \\ =& \frac{1+\lambda -2{\lambda }_{t_n}}{1-{\lambda }_{t_n}}\parallel x_{t_n}-T_{t_n}{x}_{t_n}\parallel ,\end{array}$$

by Proposition 3.1(ii) and ${\lambda }_{t_n}\to \lambda$ as $t_n\to 0$, we have ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}(I-S)x_{t_n}=0$. Thus it follows from Lemma 2.4 that $x^{\ast }\in Fix(S)$. By Lemma 2.5(iii), we get $x^{\ast }\in Fix(T)$.

Finally, we prove that $x^{\ast }$ is a solution of the variational inequality (3.2). Since

$$x_t=(I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_t{x}_t+{\theta }_t[t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)T_t{x}_t],$$

we have

$$x_t-T_t{x}_t={\theta }_t(I-A)T_t{x}_t+{\theta }_{t}t(\gamma V{x}_t-\mu F{T}_t{x}_t).$$

Since $T_t$ is nonexpansive, $I-T_t$ is monotone. So, from the monotonicity of $I-T_t$, it follows that, for $p\in Fix(T)=Fix(T_t)$,

$$\begin{array}{rcl}0& \le & 〈(I-T_t)x_t-(I-T_t)p,x_t-p〉=〈(I-T_t)x_t,x_t-p〉\\ =& {\theta }_t〈(I-A)T_t{x}_t,x_t-p〉+{\theta }_{t}t〈\gamma V{x}_t-\mu F{T}_t{x}_t,x_t-p〉\\ =& {\theta }_t〈(I-A)x_t,x_t-p〉+{\theta }_t〈(I-A)(T_t-I)x_t,x_t-p〉+{\theta }_{t}t〈\gamma V{x}_t-\mu F{T}_t{x}_t,x_t-p〉.\end{array}$$

This implies that

$$〈(A-I)x_t,x_t-p〉\le 〈(I-A)(T_t-I)x_t,x_t-p〉+t〈\gamma V{x}_t-\mu F{T}_t{x}_t,x_t-p〉.$$

(3.7)

Now, replacing t in (3.7) with $t_n$ and letting $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$, noticing the boundedness of $\{\gamma V{x}_{t_n}-\mu F{T}_{t_n}{x}_{t_n}\}$ and the fact that $(I-A)(T_{t_n}-I)x_{t_n}\to 0$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$ by Proposition 3.1(ii), we obtain

$$〈(A-I)x^{\ast },x^{\ast }-p〉\le 0.$$

That is, $x^{\ast }\in Fix(T)$ is a solution of the variational inequality (3.2); hence $x^{\ast }=\tilde{x}$ by uniqueness. In summary, we have shown that each cluster point of $\{x_t\}$ (at $t\to 0$) equals $\tilde{x}$. Therefore $x_t\to \tilde{x}$ as $t\to 0$.

The variational inequality (3.2) can be rewritten as

$$〈(2I-A)\tilde{x}-\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-p〉\ge 0,\mathrm{\forall }p\in Fix(T).$$

Recalling Lemma 2.5(i) and (2.1), this is equivalent to the fixed point equation

$$P_{Fix(T)}(2I-A)\tilde{x})=\tilde{x}.$$

 □

Taking $F=I$, $\mu =1$ and $\gamma =1$ in Theorem 3.1, we get

Corollary 3.1 Let $\{x_t\}$ be defined by

$$x_t=(I-{\theta }_{t}A)T_t{x}_t+{\theta }_t[tV{x}_t+(1-t)T_t{x}_t].$$

If ${lim}_{t\to 0}{\theta }_t=0$, then $\{x_t\}$ converges strongly as $t\to 0$ to a fixed point $\tilde{x}$ of T, which is the unique solution of variational inequality (3.2).

First, we prove the following result in order to establish strong convergence of the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by the general composite explicit scheme (3.3).

Theorem 3.2 Let $\{x_n\}$ be the sequence generated by the explicit scheme (3.3), where $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ and $\{{\beta }_n\}$ satisfy the following condition:

(C1) $\{{\alpha }_n\}\subset [0,1]$ and $\{{\beta }_n\}\subset (0,1]$, ${\alpha }_n\to 0$ and ${\beta }_n\to 0$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$.

Let LIM be a Banach limit. Then

$${LIM}_n\left(〈(A-I)\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-x_n〉\right)\le 0,$$

where $\tilde{x}={lim}_{t\to 0^{+}}{x}_t$ with $x_t$ being defined by

$$x_t=(I-{\theta }_{t}A)S{x}_t+{\theta }_t[t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)S{x}_t],$$

(3.8)

where $S:H\to H$ is defined by $Sx=\lambda x+(1-\lambda )Tx$ for $0\le k\le \lambda <1$.

Proof First, note that from the condition (C1), without loss of generality, we assume that $0<{\beta }_n\le {\parallel A\parallel }^{-1}$ for all $n\ge 0$.

Let $\{x_t\}$ be the net generated by (3.8). Since S is a nonexpansive map** on H, by Theorem 3.1 with $T_t=S$ and Lemma 2.5, there exists ${lim}_{t\to 0}{x}_t\in Fix(S)=Fix(T)$. Denote it by $\tilde{x}$. Moreover, $\tilde{x}$ is the unique solution of the variational inequality (3.2). From Proposition 3.1(i) with $T_t=S$, we know that $\{x_t\}$ is bounded, so are $\{V{x}_t\}$ and $\{FS{x}_t\}$.

First of all, let us show that $\{x_n\}$ is bounded. To this end, take $p\in Fix(T)=Fix(T_n)$, Then it follows that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel y_n-p\parallel & =& \parallel {\alpha }_n\gamma V{x}_n+(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T_n{x}_n-p\parallel \\ =& \parallel {\alpha }_n(\gamma V{x}_n-\mu Fp)+(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T_n{x}_n-(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T_{n}p\parallel \\ \le & (1-{\alpha }_n(\tau -\gamma l))\parallel x_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel ,\end{array}$$

and hence

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel x_{n+1}-p\parallel & =& \parallel (I-{\beta }_{n}A)T_n{x}_n+{\beta }_n{y}_n-p\parallel \\ =& \parallel (I-{\beta }_{n}A)T_n{x}_n-(I-{\beta }_{n}A)T_{n}p+{\beta }_n(y_n-p)+{\beta }_n(I-A)p\parallel \\ \le & \parallel (I-{\beta }_{n}A)T_n{x}_n-(I-{\beta }_{n}A)T_{n}p\parallel +{\beta }_n\parallel y_n-p\parallel +{\beta }_n\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel \\ \le & (1-{\beta }_n\overline{\gamma })\parallel x_n-p\parallel +{\beta }_n[(1-{\alpha }_n(\tau -\gamma l))\parallel x_n-p\parallel +{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel ]\\ +{\beta }_n\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel \\ \le & (1-{\beta }_n(\overline{\gamma }-1))\parallel x_n-p\parallel +{\beta }_n(\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel +\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel )\\ =& (1-{\beta }_n(\overline{\gamma }-1))\parallel x_n-p\parallel +{\beta }_n(\overline{\gamma }-1)\frac{\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel +\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel }{\overline{\gamma }-1}\\ \le & max\{\parallel x_n-p\parallel ,\frac{\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel +\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel }{\overline{\gamma }-1}\}.\end{array}$$

By induction

$$\parallel x_n-p\parallel \le max\{\parallel x_0-p\parallel ,\frac{\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel +\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel }{\overline{\gamma }-1}\},\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0.$$

This implies that $\{x_n\}$ is bounded and so are $\{T{x}_n\}$, $\{T_n{x}_n\}$, $\{F{T}_n{x}_n\}$, $\{V{x}_n\}$, and $\{y_n\}$. As a consequence, with the control condition (C1), we get

$$\parallel x_{n+1}-T_n{x}_n\parallel ={\beta }_n\parallel y_n-A{T}_n{x}_n\parallel \to 0(n\to \mathrm{\infty }),$$

and

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel S{x}_t-x_{n+1}\parallel & \le & \parallel S{x}_t-S{x}_n\parallel +\parallel S{x}_n-T_n{x}_n\parallel +\parallel T_n{x}_n-x_{n+1}\parallel \\ \le & \parallel x_t-x_n\parallel +|\lambda -{\lambda }_n|\parallel x_n-T{x}_n\parallel +\parallel T_n{x}_n-x_{n+1}\parallel \\ =& \parallel x_t-x_n\parallel +e_n,\end{array}$$

(3.9)

where $e_n=|\lambda -{\lambda }_n|\parallel x_n-T{x}_n\parallel +\parallel x_{n+1}-T_n{x}_n\parallel \to 0$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$. Also observing that A is strongly positive, we have

$$\begin{array}{rcl}〈A{x}_t-A{x}_n,x_t-x_n〉& =& 〈A(x_t-x_n),x_t-x_n〉\\ \ge & \overline{\gamma }{\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel }^2.\end{array}$$

(3.10)

Now, by (3.8), we have

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{x}_t-x_{n+1}& =& (I-{\theta }_{t}A)S{x}_t+{\theta }_t[t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)S{x}_t]-x_{n+1}\\ =& (I-{\theta }_{n}A)S{x}_t-(I-{\theta }_{t}A)x_{n+1}+{\theta }_t[t\gamma V{x}_t+(I-t\mu F)S{x}_t-A{x}_{n+1}].\end{array}$$

Applying Lemma 2.1, we have

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel }^2& \le & {\parallel (I-{\theta }_{t}A)S{x}_t-(I-{\theta }_{t}A)x_{n+1}\parallel }^2\\ +2{\theta }_t〈S{x}_t-t(\mu FS{x}_t-\gamma V{x}_t)-A{x}_{n+1},x_t-x_{n+1}〉\\ \le & {(1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma })}^2{\parallel S{x}_t-x_{n+1}\parallel }^2+2{\theta }_t〈S{x}_t-x_t,x_t-x_{n+1}〉\\ -2{\theta }_{t}t〈\mu FS{x}_t-\gamma V{x}_t,x_t-x_{n+1}〉+2{\theta }_t〈x_t-A{x}_{n+1},x_t-x_{n+1}〉.\end{array}$$

(3.11)

Using (3.9) and (3.10) in (3.11), we obtain

$$\begin{array}{c}{\parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel }^2\hfill \\ \le {(1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma })}^2{\parallel S{x}_t-x_{n+1}\parallel }^2+2{\theta }_t〈S{x}_t-x_t,x_t-x_{n+1}〉\hfill \\ +2{\theta }_{t}t〈\gamma V{x}_t-\mu FS{x}_t,x_t-x_{n+1}〉\hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t〈x_t-A{x}_{n+1},x_t-x_{n+1}〉\hfill \\ \le {(1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma })}^2{(\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel +e_n)}^2+2{\theta }_t\parallel S{x}_t-x_t\parallel \parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel \hfill \\ +2{\theta }_{t}t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu FS{x}_t\parallel \parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel +2{\theta }_t〈x_t-A{x}_{n+1},x_t-x_{n+1}〉\hfill \\ =({\theta }_t^2\overline{\gamma }-2{\theta }_t)\overline{\gamma }{\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel }^2+{\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel }^2+{(1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma })}^2(2\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel e_n+e_n^2)\hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t\parallel S{x}_t-x_t\parallel \parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel +2{\theta }_{t}t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu FS{x}_t\parallel \parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel \hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t〈x_t-A{x}_{n+1},x_t-x_{n+1}〉\hfill \\ \le ({\theta }_t^2\overline{\gamma }-2{\theta }_t)〈A{x}_t-A{x}_n,x_t-x_n〉+{\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel }^2+{(1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma })}^2(2\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel e_n+e_n^2)\hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t\parallel S{x}_t-x_t\parallel \parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel +2{\theta }_{t}t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu FS{x}_t\parallel \parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel \hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t〈x_t-A{x}_{n+1},x_t-x_{n+1}〉\hfill \\ ={\theta }_t^2\overline{\gamma }〈A{x}_t-A{x}_n,x_t-x_n〉+{\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel }^2+{(1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma })}^2(2\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel e_n+e_n^2)\hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t\parallel S{x}_t-x_t\parallel \parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel +2{\theta }_{t}t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu F(S{x}_t)\parallel \parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel \hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t[〈x_t-A{x}_{n+1},x_t-x_{n+1}〉-〈A{x}_t-A{x}_n,x_t-x_n〉]\hfill \\ ={\theta }_t^2\overline{\gamma }〈A(x_t-x_n),x_t-x_n〉+{\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel }^2+{(1-{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma })}^2(2\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel e_n+e_n^2)\hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t\parallel S{x}_t-x_t\parallel \parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel +2{\theta }_{t}t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu FS{x}_t\parallel \parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel \hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t[〈(I-A)x_t,x_t-x_{n+1}〉+〈A(x_t-x_{n+1}),x_t-x_{n+1}〉\hfill \\ -〈A(x_t-x_n),x_t-x_n〉].\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.12)

Applying the Banach limit LIM to (3.12), together with ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{e}_n=0$, we have

$$\begin{array}{c}{LIM}_n\left({\parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel }^2\right)\hfill \\ \le {\theta }_t^2\overline{\gamma }{LIM}_n\left(〈A(x_t-x_n),x_t-x_n〉\right)+{LIM}_n\left({\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel }^2\right)\hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t\parallel S{x}_t-x_t\parallel {LIM}_n(\parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel )\hfill \\ +2{\theta }_{t}t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu FS{x}_t\parallel {LIM}_n(\parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel )\hfill \\ +2{\theta }_t[{LIM}_n\left(〈(I-A)x_t,x_t-x_{n+1}〉\right)+{LIM}_n\left(〈A(x_t-x_{n+1}),x_t-x_{n+1}〉\right)\hfill \\ -{LIM}_n\left(〈A(x_t-x_n),x_t-x_n〉\right)].\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.13)

Using the property ${LIM}_n(a_n)={LIM}_n(a_{n+1})$ of the Banach limit in (3.13), we obtain

$$\begin{array}{c}{LIM}_n\left(〈(A-I)x_t,x_t-x_n〉\right)\hfill \\ ={LIM}_n\left(〈(A-I)x_t,x_t-x_{n+1}〉\right)\hfill \\ \le \frac{{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma }}{2}{LIM}_n\left(〈A(x_t-x_n),x_t-x_n〉\right)\hfill \\ +\frac{1}{2{\theta }_t}[{LIM}_n\left({\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel }^2\right)-{LIM}_n\left({\parallel x_t-x_{n+1}\parallel }^2\right)]\hfill \\ +\parallel S{x}_t-x_t\parallel {LIM}_n(\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel )+t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu FS{x}_t\parallel {LIM}_n(\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel )\hfill \\ +{LIM}_n\left(〈A(x_t-x_{n+1}),x_t-x_{n+1}〉\right)-{LIM}_n\left(〈A(x_t-x_n),x_t-x_n〉\right)\hfill \\ =\frac{{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma }}{2}{LIM}_n\left(〈A(x_t-x_n),x_t-x_n〉\right)\hfill \\ +\parallel S{x}_t-x_t\parallel {LIM}_n(\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel )+t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu FS{x}_t\parallel {LIM}_n(\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel ).\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.14)

Since

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\theta }_t〈A(x_t-x_n),x_t-x_n〉& \le & {\theta }_t\parallel A\parallel {\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\theta }_{t}K\to 0(\text{as }t\to 0),\end{array}$$

(3.15)

where $\parallel A\parallel {\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel }^2\le K$,

$$\parallel S{x}_t-x_t\parallel \to 0,\text{and}t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu FS{x}_t\parallel \to 0(\text{as }t\to 0),$$

(3.16)

we conclude from (3.14)-(3.16) that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{LIM}_n\left(〈(A-I)\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-x_n〉\right)& \le & \underset{t\to 0}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}{LIM}_n\left(〈(A-I)x_t,x_t-x_n〉\right)\\ \le & \underset{t\to 0}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}\frac{{\theta }_t\overline{\gamma }}{2}{LIM}_n\left(〈A(x_t-x_n),x_t-x_n〉\right)\\ +\underset{t\to 0}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}\parallel S{x}_t-x_t\parallel {LIM}_n(\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel )\\ +\underset{t\to 0}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}t\parallel \gamma V{x}_t-\mu FS{x}_t\parallel {LIM}_n(\parallel x_t-x_n\parallel )\\ =& 0.\end{array}$$

This completes the proof. □

Now, using Theorem 3.2, we establish strong convergence of the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by the general composite explicit scheme (3.3) to a fixed point $\tilde{x}$ of T, which is also the unique solution of the variational inequality (3.2).

Theorem 3.3 Let $\{x_n\}$ be the sequence generated by the explicit scheme (3.3), where $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ and $\{{\beta }_n\}$ satisfy the following conditions:

(C1) $\{{\alpha }_n\}\subset [0,1]$ and $\{{\beta }_n\}\subset (0,1]$, ${\alpha }_n\to 0$ and ${\beta }_n\to 0$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$;

(C2) ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\beta }_n=\mathrm{\infty }$.

If $\{x_n\}$ is weakly asymptotically regular, then $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to $\tilde{x}\in Fix(T)$, which is the unique solution of the variational inequality (3.2).

Proof First, note that from the condition (C1), without loss of generality, we assume that ${\alpha }_n\tau <1$ and $\frac{2{\beta }_n(\overline{\gamma }-1)}{1-{\beta }_n}<1$ for all $n\ge 0$.

Let $x_t$ be defined by (3.8), that is,

$$x_t=(I-{\theta }_{t}A)S{x}_t+{\theta }_t[S{x}_t-t(\mu F(S{x}_t)-\gamma V{x}_t)]$$

for $t\in (0,min\{1,\frac{2-\overline{\gamma }}{\tau -\gamma l}\})$, where $Sx=\lambda x+(1-\lambda )Tx$ for $0\le k\le \lambda <1$, and ${lim}_{t\to 0}{x}_t:=\tilde{x}\in Fix(S)=Fix(T)$ (by using Theorem 3.1 and Lemma 2.5(iii)). Then $\tilde{x}$ is the unique solution of the variational inequality (3.2).

We divide the proof into several steps as follows.

Step 1. We see that

$$\parallel x_n-p\parallel \le max\{\parallel x_0-p\parallel ,\frac{\parallel \gamma Vp-\mu Fp\parallel +\parallel I-A\parallel \parallel p\parallel }{\overline{\gamma }-1}\},\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0,$$

for all $p\in Fix(T)$ as in the proof of Theorem 3.2. Hence $\{x_n\}$ is bounded and so are $\{T{x}_n\}$, $\{T_n{x}_n\}$, $\{F{T}_n{x}_n\}$, $\{V{x}_n\}$, and $\{y_n\}$.

Step 2. We show that ${lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}〈(I-A)\tilde{x},x_n-\tilde{x}〉\le 0$. To this end, put

$$a_n:=〈(A-I)\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-x_n〉,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0.$$

Then Theorem 3.2 implies that ${LIM}_n(a_n)\le 0$ for any Banach limit LIM. Since $\{x_n\}$ is bounded, there exists a subsequence $\{x_{n_j}\}$ of $\{x_n\}$ such that

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}(a_{n+1}-a_n)=\underset{j\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}(a_{n_j+1}-a_{n_j})$$

and $x_{n_j}\rightharpoonup v\in H$. This implies that $x_{n_j+1}\rightharpoonup v$ since $\{x_n\}$ is weakly asymptotically regular. Therefore, we have

$$w-\underset{j\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}(\tilde{x}-x_{n_j+1})=w-\underset{j\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}(\tilde{x}-x_{n_j})=(\tilde{x}-v),$$

and so

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}(a_{n+1}-a_n)=\underset{j\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}〈(A-I)\tilde{x},(\tilde{x}-x_{n_j+1})-(\tilde{x}-x_{n_j})〉=0.$$

Then Lemma 2.2 implies that ${lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n\le 0$, that is,

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}〈(I-A)\tilde{x},x_n-\tilde{x}〉=\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}〈(A-I)\tilde{x},\tilde{x}-x_n〉\le 0.$$

Step 3. We show that ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel =0$. By using (3.3) and $T_n\tilde{x}=\tilde{x}$, we have

$$y_n-\tilde{x}=(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T_n{x}_n-(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T_n\tilde{x}+{\alpha }_n(\gamma V{x}_n-\mu F\tilde{x}),$$

and

$$x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}=(I-{\beta }_{n}A)(T_n{x}_n-T_n\tilde{x})+{\beta }_n(y_n-\tilde{x})+{\beta }_n(I-A)\tilde{x}.$$

Applying Lemma 2.1, Lemma 2.6 and Lemma 2.7, we obtain

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel y_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2& =& {\parallel (I-\mu {\alpha }_{n}F)T_n{x}_n-(I-\mu {\alpha }_{n}F)T_n\tilde{x}+{\alpha }_n(\gamma V{x}_n-\mu F\tilde{x})\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\parallel (I-\mu {\alpha }_{n}F)T_n{x}_n-(I-\mu {\alpha }_{n}F)T_n\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+2{\alpha }_n〈\gamma V{x}_n-\mu F\tilde{x},y_n-\tilde{x}〉\\ \le & {(1-{\alpha }_n\tau )}^2{\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+2{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma V{x}_n-\mu F\tilde{x}\parallel \parallel y_n-\tilde{x}\parallel \\ \le & {\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+2{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma V{x}_n-\mu F\tilde{x}\parallel \parallel y_n-\tilde{x}\parallel ,\end{array}$$

and hence

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2& =& {\parallel (I-{\beta }_{n}A)(T_n{x}_n-T_n\tilde{x})+{\beta }_n(y_n-\tilde{x})+{\beta }_n(I-A)\tilde{x}\parallel }^2\\ \le & {\parallel (I-{\beta }_{n}A)(T_n{x}_n-T_n\tilde{x})\parallel }^2+2{\beta }_n〈y_n-\tilde{x},x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}〉\\ +2{\beta }_n〈(I-A)\tilde{x},x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}〉\\ \le & {(1-{\beta }_n\overline{\gamma })}^2{\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+2{\beta }_n\parallel y_n-\tilde{x}\parallel \parallel x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}\parallel \\ +2{\beta }_n〈(I-A)\tilde{x},x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}〉\\ \le & {(1-{\beta }_n\overline{\gamma })}^2{\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+{\beta }_n({\parallel y_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+{\parallel x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2)\\ +2{\beta }_n〈(I-A)\tilde{x},x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}〉\\ \le & {(1-{\beta }_n\overline{\gamma })}^2{\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2\\ +{\beta }_n[{\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+2{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma V{x}_n-\mu F\tilde{x}\parallel \parallel y_n-\tilde{x}\parallel ]\\ +{\beta }_n{\parallel x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+2{\beta }_n〈(I-A)\tilde{x},x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}〉\\ =& [{(1-{\beta }_n\overline{\gamma })}^2+{\beta }_n]{\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+2{\alpha }_n{\beta }_n\parallel \gamma V{x}_n-\mu F\tilde{x}\parallel \parallel y_n-\tilde{x}\parallel \\ +{\beta }_n{\parallel x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+2{\beta }_n〈(I-A)\tilde{x},x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}〉.\end{array}$$

(3.17)

It then follows from (3.17) that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}{\parallel x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2& \le & \frac{{(1-{\beta }_n\overline{\gamma })}^2+{\beta }_n}{1-{\beta }_n}{\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2\\ +\frac{{\beta }_n}{1-{\beta }_n}[2{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma V{x}_n-\mu F\tilde{x}\parallel \parallel y_n-\tilde{x}\parallel +2〈(I-A)\tilde{x},x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}〉]\\ =& (1-\frac{2{\beta }_n(\overline{\gamma }-1)}{1-{\beta }_n}){\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2\\ +\frac{2{\beta }_n(\overline{\gamma }-1)}{1-{\beta }_n}\cdot \frac{1}{2(\overline{\gamma }-1)}[2{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma V{x}_n-\mu F\tilde{x}\parallel \parallel y_n-\tilde{x}\parallel \\ +{\beta }_n{\overline{\gamma }}^2{\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+2〈(I-A)\tilde{x},x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}〉]\\ =& (1-{\omega }_n){\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+{\omega }_n{\delta }_n,\end{array}$$

where

$$\begin{array}{c}{\omega }_n=\frac{2{\beta }_n(\overline{\gamma }-1)}{1-{\beta }_n}\text{and}\hfill \\ {\delta }_n=\frac{1}{2(\overline{\gamma }-1)}[2{\alpha }_n\parallel \gamma V{x}_n-\mu F\tilde{x}\parallel \parallel y_n-\tilde{x}\parallel +{\beta }_n{\overline{\gamma }}^2{\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel }^2+2〈(I-A)\tilde{x},x_{n+1}-\tilde{x}〉].\hfill \end{array}$$

It can easily be seen from Step 2 and conditions (C1) and (C2) that ${\omega }_n\to 0$, ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\omega }_n=\mathrm{\infty }$ and ${lim\hspace{0.17em}sup}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\delta }_n\le 0$. From Lemma 2.3 with $r_n=0$, we conclude that ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\parallel x_n-\tilde{x}\parallel =0$. This completes the proof. □

Corollary 3.2 Let $\{x_n\}$ be the sequence generated by the explicit scheme (3.3). Assume that the sequence $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ and $\{{\beta }_n\}$ satisfy the conditions (C1) and (C2) in Theorem  3.3. If $\{x_n\}$ is asymptotically regular, then $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to $\tilde{x}\in Fix(T)$, which is the unique solution of the variational inequality (3.2).

Putting $\mu =1$, $F=I$ and $\gamma =1$ in Theorem 3.3, we obtain the following.

Corollary 3.3 Let $\{x_n\}$ be generated by the following iterative scheme:

$$\{\begin{array}{c}{y}_n={\alpha }_{n}V{x}_n+(1-{\alpha }_n)T_n{x}_n,\hfill \\ x_{n+1}=(I-{\beta }_{n}A)T_n{x}_n+{\beta }_n{y}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0.\hfill \end{array}$$

Assume that the sequence $\{{\alpha }_n\}$ and $\{{\beta }_n\}$ satisfy the conditions (C1) and (C2) in Theorem  3.3. If $\{x_n\}$ is weakly asymptotically regular, then $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to $\tilde{x}\in Fix(T)$, which is the unique solution of the variational inequality (3.2).

Putting ${\alpha }_n=0$, $\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0$ in Corollary 3.3, we get the following.

Corollary 3.4 Let $\{x_n\}$ be generated by the following iterative scheme:

$$x_{n+1}=(I-{\beta }_{n}A)T_n{x}_n+{\beta }_n{T}_n{x}_n,\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0.$$

Assume that the sequence $\{{\beta }_n\}$ satisfies the conditions (C1) and (C2) in Theorem  3.3 with ${\alpha }_n=0$, $\mathrm{\forall }n\ge 0$. If $\{x_n\}$ is weakly asymptotically regular, then $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to $\tilde{x}\in Fix(T)$, which is the unique solution of the variational inequality (3.2).

Remark 3.1 If $\{{\alpha }_n\}$, $\{{\beta }_n\}$ in Corollary 3.2 and $\{{\lambda }_n\}$ in $T_n$ satisfy conditions (C2) and

(C3) ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|{\alpha }_{n+1}-{\alpha }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$ and ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|{\beta }_{n+1}-{\beta }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$; or

(C4) ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|{\alpha }_{n+1}-{\alpha }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$ and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\beta }_n}{{\beta }_{n+1}}=1$ or, equivalently, ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n+1}}{{\alpha }_{n+1}}=0$ and ${lim}_{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\beta }_n-{\beta }_{n+1}}{{\beta }_{n+1}}=0$; or,

(C5) ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|{\alpha }_{n+1}-{\alpha }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$ and $|{\beta }_{n+1}-{\beta }_n|\le o({\beta }_{n+1})+{\sigma }_n$, ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\sigma }_n<\mathrm{\infty }$ (the perturbed control condition);

(C6) ${\sum }_{n=0}|{\lambda }_{n+1}-{\lambda }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$,

then the sequence $\{x_n\}$ generated by (3.3) is asymptotically regular. Now we give only the proof in the case when $\{{\alpha }_n\}$, $\{{\beta }_n\}$, and $\{{\lambda }_n\}$ satisfy the conditions (C2), (C5), and (C6). By Step 1 in the proof of Theorem 3.3, there exists a constant $M>0$ such that, for all $n\ge 0$,

$$\parallel x_n-T{x}_n\parallel \le M,\mu \parallel F{T}_n{x}_n\parallel +\gamma \parallel V{x}_n\parallel \le M,\text{and}\parallel A\parallel \parallel T_n{x}_n\parallel +\parallel y_n\parallel \le M.$$

Next, we notice that

$$\begin{array}{rcl}\parallel T_n{x}_n-T_{n-1}{x}_{n-1}\parallel & \le & \parallel T_n{x}_n-T_n{x}_{n-1}\parallel +\parallel T_n{x}_{n-1}-T_{n-1}{x}_{n-1}\parallel \\ \le & \parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel +|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|\parallel x_{n-1}-T{x}_{n-1}\parallel \\ \le & \parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel +|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|M.\end{array}$$

So we obtain, for all $n\ge 0$,

$$\begin{array}{c}\parallel y_n-y_{n-1}\parallel \hfill \\ =\parallel {\alpha }_n\gamma (V{x}_n-V{x}_{n-1})+\gamma ({\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n-1})V{x}_{n-1}\hfill \\ +(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T_n{x}_n-(I-{\alpha }_n\mu F)T_{n-1}{x}_{n-1}+\mu ({\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n-1})F{T}_{n-1}{x}_{n-1}\parallel \hfill \\ \le (1-{\alpha }_n(\tau -\gamma l))\parallel T_n{x}_n-T_{n-1}{x}_{n-1}\parallel +|{\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n-1}|(\gamma \parallel V{x}_{n-1}\parallel +\mu \parallel F{T}_{n-1}{x}_{n-1}\parallel )\hfill \\ \le (1-{\alpha }_n(\tau -\gamma l))(\parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel +|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|M)+|{\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n-1}|M,\hfill \end{array}$$

and hence

$$\begin{array}{c}\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel \hfill \\ =\parallel (I-{\beta }_{n}A)T_n{x}_n+{\beta }_n{y}_n-(I-{\beta }_{n-1}A)T_{n-1}{x}_{n-1}-{\beta }_{n-1}{y}_{n-1}\parallel \hfill \\ \le \parallel (I-{\beta }_{n}A)(T_n{x}_n-T_{n-1}{x}_{n-1})\parallel \hfill \\ +|{\beta }_n-{\beta }_{n-1}|\parallel A\parallel \parallel T_{n-1}{x}_{n-1}\parallel +{\beta }_n\parallel y_n-y_{n-1}\parallel +|{\beta }_n-{\beta }_{n-1}|\parallel y_{n-1}\parallel \hfill \\ \le (1-{\beta }_n\overline{\gamma })\parallel T_n{x}_n-T_{n-1}{x}_{n-1}\parallel \hfill \\ +{\beta }_n(1-{\alpha }_n(\tau -\gamma l))(\parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel +|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|M)+{\beta }_n|{\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n-1}|M\hfill \\ +|{\beta }_n-{\beta }_{n-1}|(\parallel A\parallel \parallel T_{n-1}{x}_{n-1}\parallel +\parallel y_{n-1}\parallel )\hfill \\ \le (1-{\beta }_n\overline{\gamma })(\parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel +|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|M)\hfill \\ +{\beta }_n[(1-{\alpha }_n(\tau -\gamma l))(\parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel +|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|M)+|{\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n-1}|M]\hfill \\ +|{\beta }_n-{\beta }_{n-1}|M\hfill \\ \le (1-{\beta }_n\overline{\gamma })\parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel +|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|M\hfill \\ +{\beta }_n\parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel +|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|M+|{\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n-1}|M+|{\beta }_n-{\beta }_{n-1}|M\hfill \\ =(1-{\beta }_n(\overline{\gamma }-1))\parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel +|{\beta }_n-{\beta }_{n-1}|M+2|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|M+|{\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n-1}|M\hfill \\ \le (1-{\beta }_n(\overline{\gamma }-1))\parallel x_n-x_{n-1}\parallel +(o({\beta }_n)+{\sigma }_{n-1})M+|{\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n-1}|M\hfill \\ +2|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|M.\hfill \end{array}$$

(3.18)

By taking $s_{n+1}=\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel$, ${\omega }_n={\beta }_n(\overline{\gamma }-1)$, ${\omega }_n{\delta }_n=Mo({\beta }_n)$ and $r_n=(|{\alpha }_n-{\alpha }_{n-1}|+{\sigma }_{n-1}+2|{\lambda }_n-{\lambda }_{n-1}|)M$, from (3.18) we have

$$s_{n+1}\le (1-{\omega }_n)s_n+{\omega }_n{\delta }_n+r_n.$$

Hence, by the conditions (C2), (C5), (C6), and Lemma 2.3, we obtain

$$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\parallel x_{n+1}-x_n\parallel =0.$$

In view of this observation, we have the following.

Corollary 3.5 Let $\{x_n\}$ be the sequence generated by the explicit scheme (3.3), where the sequences $\{{\alpha }_n\}$, $\{{\beta }_n\}$, and $\{{\lambda }_n\}$ satisfy the conditions (C1), (C2), (C5), and (C6) (or the conditions (C1), (C2), (C3) and (C6), or the conditions (C1), (C2), (C4), and (C6)). Then $\{x_n\}$ converges strongly to $\tilde{x}\in Fix(T)$, which is the unique solution of the variational inequality (3.2).

Remark 3.2 (1) Our results improve and extend the corresponding results of Ceng et al. [18] in the following respects:

• (a) The nonexpansive map** $S:H\to H$ in [18] is extended to the case of a k-strictly pseudocontractive map** $T:H\to H$.

• (b) The contractive map** f in [18] with constant $\alpha \in (0,1)$ is extended to the case of a Lipschitzian map** V with constant $l\ge 0$.

• (c) The range $0<\gamma \alpha <\tau =\mu (\eta -\frac{\mu {\rho }^2}{2})$ in [18] is extended to the case of range $0<\gamma l<\tau =1-\sqrt{1-\mu (2\eta -\mu {\rho }^2)}$. (For this fact, see Remark 3.1 of [17].)

(2) We point out that the condition (C3) ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|{\alpha }_{n+1}-{\alpha }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$ and ${\sum }_{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}|{\beta }_{n+1}-{\beta }_n|<\mathrm{\infty }$ in [[18], Theorem 3.2] is relaxed to the case of the weak asymptotic regularity on $\{x_n\}$ in Theorem 3.3.

(3) The condition (C5) on $\{{\beta }_n\}$ in Corollary 3.5 is independent of condition (C3) or (C4) in Remark 3.1, which was imposed in Theorem 3.2 of Ceng et al. [18]. For this fact, see [24, 25].

(4) Our results also complement and develop the corresponding ones given by Cho et al. [5] and Jung [6–8] for the strictly pseudocontractive map** as well as Yamada [12], Marino and Xu [13], Tian [15] and Ceng et al. [17] for the nonexpansive map**.

(5) For several iterative schemes based on hybrid steepest-descent method for generalized mixed equilibrium problems, variational inequality problems, and fixed point problems for strictly pseudocontractive map**s, we can also refer to [26–32] and the references therein.