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Electric–magnetic synergism in BaTiO3-magnetic microwire/silicone rubber composites for enhanced microwave and electromagnetic shielding tunability

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Abstract

Barium titanate (BT) is a well-known electroceramic attractive for microwave applications owing to its exceptional ferroelectric characteristics, elevated dielectric constant, and piezoelectricity. BT is usually blended with conductive/magnetic fillers (mostly 0D and 3D micro/nanostructures) to better tailor its electromagnetic properties based on synergistic effects. However, complex synthesis, filler agglomeration, and high ceramic filler concentration inevitably lead to flexibility degradation, limiting its application in modern electronics. Here, we exploit magnetoelectric coupling effects in which ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism coexist to modulate the shielding properties of BT/silicone rubber composites via incorporating ferromagnetic microwires. The high dielectric constant of BT and electric hysteresis effects contributed to microwave attenuation. At the same time, its piezoelectricity modified the wire’s magnetic anisotropy via interfacial strain. In turn, the microwires promoted magnetic losses mainly by ferromagnetic resonance and magnetic hysteresis while also affecting dipole rotation in BT via wire–wire-dipolar magnetic interaction. The efficient synergism between the fillers resulted in enhanced transmission and shielding tunability, reaching a maximum shielding of 16 dB at 9.5 GHz for composites incorporating 30 wt.% BT and six microwires (0.0126 vol%) compared to 2.26 dB for composites with merely BT. Moreover, benefiting from the elastomer matrix and low filler content, these composites have potential in flexible electronics. At the same time, it also constitutes a platform for designing shielding materials based on ferroelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructures.

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Data Availability Statement

This manuscript has associated data in a data repository. [Authors’ comment: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.]

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Acknowledgements

D. Estevez acknowledges the support of Zhejiang University Ningbo “Five-in-one” campus Education Development Center (Grant 709003G20220616)

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Author notes

  1. D. Estevez, A. Uddin are equally contributed.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, 1 South Qianhu Road, Ningbo, 315100, People’s Republic of China

    D. Estevez

  2. Institute for Composites Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China

    D. Estevez & A. Uddin

  3. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Al-Geish St., Tanta, 31527, Egypt

    M. Salem

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  1. D. Estevez
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Contributions

DE was contributed to methodology, validation, formal analysis, writing—review and editing. AU was contributed to conceptualization, methodology, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation. MS was contributed to conceptualization, methodology, validation, investigation, data curation.

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Correspondence to M. Salem.

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Estevez, D., Uddin, A. & Salem, M. Electric–magnetic synergism in BaTiO3-magnetic microwire/silicone rubber composites for enhanced microwave and electromagnetic shielding tunability. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 138, 821 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-04451-x

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