Abstract
2-Formyl pyrrole polymerizes in alcoholic solution by hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. The polymeric product was characterized by FTIR, XPS, and EDX techniques, which confirmed that polymerization occurred through aldehyde group. Kinetics of the reaction was studied by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy at 475 nm. It was found that reaction occurred according to an accelerated chain polymerization mechanism via two stages. Firstly, active centers are formed. Then the chain growth occurs. The reaction order with respect to monomer and catalyst concentration as well as reaction rate coefficients were determined on both stages. Suggested reaction mechanism is consistent with experimental data.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
B. X. Valderrama-García, E. Rodríguez-Alba, E. G. Morales-Espinoza, K. M. Chane-Ching, and E. Rivera, Molecules 21, 172 (2016).
A. Mirsakiyeva, PhD Thesis (KTH R. Inst. Technol., Stockholm, Sweden, 2017).
T. Kasa and F. Gebrewold, Adv. Phys. Theor. Appl. 62, 28 (2017).
J. C. Zhang, X. Zheng, M. Chen, X. Y. Yang, and W. L. Cao, eXPRESS Polym. Lett. 5, 401 (2011).
L. Duan, J. Lu, W. Liu, P. Huang, W. Wang, and Z. Liu, Colloids Surf., A 414, 98 (2012).
S. C. Hernandez D. Chaudhari, W. Chen, N. Myung, and A. Mulchandani, InterScience 19, 2125 (2007).
G. Bayramoğlu, M. Karakışla, B. Altıntaş, A. U. Metin, M. Saçak, and M. Y. Arıca, Process Biochem. 44, 880 (2009).
H. Gherras, A. Yahiaoui, A. Hachemaoui, A. Belfeda, A. Dehbi, and A. I. Mourad, J. Semicond. 39, 102001 (2018).
X. Ding, F. Tan, H. Zhao, M. Hua, M. Wang, Q. **n, and Y. Zhang, J. Membr. Sci. 570‒571, 53 (2019).
G. H. Shim and S. H. Foulger, Photonics Nanostruct.: Fundam. Appl. 10, 440 (2012).
P. M. Carrasco, H. J. Grande, M. Cortazar, J. M. Alberd, J. Areizaga, and J. A. Pomposa, Synth. Met. 156, 420 (2006).
Z. A. Boeva and V.G. Sergeyev, Polym. Sci., Ser. C 56, 144 (2014).
P. Zarrintaj, H. Vahabi, M. R. Saeb, and M. Mozafari, “Application of Polyaniline and Its Derivatives,” in Fundamentals and Emerging Applications of Polyaniline, Ed. M. Mozafari and N. P. S. Chauhan (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2019), pp. 259–272.
R. Reza Ansari, E.-J. Chem. 3, 186 (2006).
W.-L. Yuan, X. Yang, L. He, Y. Xue, S. Qin, and G.‑H. Tao, Front. Chem. 6, 59 (2018).
T.-H. Le, Y. Kim, and H. Yoon, Polymers 9, 150 (2017).
Y. Hoshina and T. Kobayashi, Engineering 4, 139 (2012).
H. Braunling and R. Becker, US Patent No. 5004560A (1991).
A. K. Mishra, J. At., Mol., Condens. Nano Phys. 5, 159 (2018).
C. Jubsilp, T. Takeichi, and S. Rimdusit, “Polymerization Kinetics,” in Handbook of Benzoxazine Resins, Ed. by H. Ishida and T. Agag (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2011), pp. 157–174.
L. Yahia and L. K. Mireles, “X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time-of-flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF SIMS),” in Characterization of Polymeric Biomaterials, Ed. by M. C. Tanzi and S. Farè (Woodhead Publ., Cambridge, 2017), pp. 83–97.
J. Bergström, Mechanics of Solid Polymers (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2015).
M. B. Zaman and D. F. Perepichka, Chem. Commun. 33, 4187 (2005).
A. Douhal, F. Lahmani, and A. H. Zewail, Chem. Phys. 207, 477 (1996).
R. J. Ouellette and J. D. Rawn, “Alcohols and Phenols,” in Principles of Organic Chemistry (Elsevier, Boston, 2015), pp. 209–238.
Funding
This work was supported by Damascus University and Al-Furat University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Hamdan, A., Al-Falah, A., Al-Deri, F. et al. Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetic Study of Poly(2-formyl pyrrole). Polym. Sci. Ser. B 63, 191–198 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1560090421030015
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1560090421030015