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Spectroscopic Variability of the Compact Planetary Nebula Hb 12

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Abstract

We present the results of our new low-resolution spectroscopic observations of the young compact planetary nebula Hb 12 performed in 2011–2020 with SAI MSU telescopes. We have measured the intensities of more than 50 nebular emission lines in the spectral range \(\lambda\)3687–9532, detected interstellar absorption features, and conducted a search for absorptions belonging to the possible secondary component of the central star. The extinction coefficient has been estimated from the Balmer decrement to be \(c(\)H\(\beta)=1.15\pm 0.07\). The distance has been found by analyzing the interstellar extinction maps to be \(D\approx 2400\) pc. We have traced the history of the spectroscopic observations of Hb 12, beginning with the first spectra taken by Aller (1951) in 1945. We have detected a systematic increase in the relative intensities of the nebular [O III] \(\lambda\)4959 and \(\lambda\)5007 lines and a decrease in the relative intensity of the auroral [O III] \(\lambda\)4363 line, which has led to an increase in the observed flux ratio \(F(\lambda 4959+\lambda 5007)/F(\lambda 4363)\) by a factor of \(\sim\)4 from 1945 to the present time. The [O III]/[O II] line ratio \(F(\lambda 4363)/F(\lambda 3727+\lambda 3729)\) remains constant, suggesting that the degree of ionization, on average, for the nebula is invariable. The temperature of the exciting star has been estimated to be \(T\approx 41\,000\) K. We conclude that a decrease in the electron temperature and, possibly, electron density in the [O III] line formation region is mainly responsible for the spectroscopic variability.

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Notes

  1. https://www.eso.org/sci/observing/tools/standards/spectra/stanlis.html

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The work was performed using the equipment purchased through the funds of the Development Program of the Moscow State University. In our studies we widely used the ADS, SIMBAD, and VIZIER databases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia

    N. P. Ikonnikova, I. A. Shaposhnikov, M. A. Burlak, V. P. Arkhipova, A. V. Dodin, S. A. Potanin & N. I. Shatsky

  2. Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    I. A. Shaposhnikov & S. A. Potanin

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  1. N. P. Ikonnikova
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  2. I. A. Shaposhnikov
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  3. V. F. Esipov
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Correspondence to N. P. Ikonnikova.

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Translated by V. Astakhov

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Ikonnikova, N.P., Shaposhnikov, I.A., Esipov, V.F. et al. Spectroscopic Variability of the Compact Planetary Nebula Hb 12. Astron. Lett. 47, 560–580 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773721080028

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