Abstract
The X-ray spectrum of the Galactic microquasar SS 433 contains a rich set of emission lines of highly ionized atoms of heavy elements whose significant Doppler shift leaves no doubt that they are produced in collimated relativistic jets of outflowing material. We have performed a systematic analysis of the high-resolution X-ray spectra obtained by the Chandra observatory to determine the parameters of the jets within the multitemperature model of their emission that self-consistently predicts the source’s line and continuum spectrum. The spectrum of SS 433 at energies below 3 keV is shown to be statistically satisfactorily described by the jet emission model, while the introduction of an additional hard component is required above 3 keV. We summarize the jet parameters (bulk velocity, opening angle, kinetic luminosity, base temperature, and relative elemental abundances) derived by fitting the data below 3 keV and describe the revealed degeneracies and systematic effects due to the presence of an additional component. Using the derived parameters, we show that the hard component is compatible with the emission from the hot (up to 40 keV) extension of the visible part of the jets moderately absorbed (NH ∼ 2 × 1023 cm−2) in the cold-wind material. The combined X-ray emission model constructed in this way allows the broadband spectrum of SS 433 to be described self-consistently.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. O. Abell and B. Margon, Nature (London, U.K.) 279, 701 (1979).
E. Anders and N. Grevesse, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 197 (1989).
K. Arnaud, ASP Conf. 101, 17 (1996).
M. Asplund, N. Grevesse, A. J. Sauval, and P. Scott, Am. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 47, 481 (2009).
M. C. Begelman, A. R. King, and J. E. Pringle, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 370, 399 (2006).
K. Blundell, M. Bowler, and L. Schmidtobreick, Astrophys. J. 678, L47 (2008).
W. Brinkmann, H. H. Fink, S. Massaglia, G. Bodo, and A. Ferrari, Astron. Astrophys. 196, 313 (1988).
W. Brinkmann, B. Aschenbach, and N. Kawai, Astron. Astrophys. 312, 306 (1996).
W. Brinkmann, T. Kotani, and N. Kawai, Astron. Astrophys. 431, 575 (2005).
C. R. Canizares et al., Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacif. 117, 1144 (2005).
W. Cash, Astrophys. J. 228, 939 (1979).
A. M. Cherepashchuk, V. F. Esipov, A. V. Dodin, V. V. Davydov, and A. A. Belinskii, Astron. Rep. 52, 487 (2018a).
A. M. Cherepashchuk, K. A. Postnov, and A. A. Belinski, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 479, 4844 (2018b).
E. Churazov, M. Gilfanov, W. Forman, and C. Jones, Astrophys. J. 471, 673 (1996).
J. F. Dolan, P. T. Boyd, S. Fabrika, S. Tapia, V. Bychkov, A. A. Panferov, M. J. Nelson, J. W. Percival, G. W. van Citters, D. C. Taylor, and M. J. Taylor, Astron. Astrophys. 327, 648 (1997).
S. Fabrika, Astrophys. Space. Phys. Rev. 12, 1 (2004).
S. N. Fabrika and N. V. Borisov, Sov. Astron. Lett. 13, 279 (1987).
S. Fabrika and L. Bychkova, Astron. Astrophys. 240, L5 (1990).
S. Fabrika and A. Mescheryakov, IAU Symp. 205, 268 (2001).
S. Fabrika, Y. Ueda, A. Vinokurov, O. Sholukhova, and M. Shidatsu, Nat. Phys. 11, 551 (2015).
R. Fender and E. Gallo, Space Sci. Rev. 183, 323 (2014).
H. Feng and R. Soria, New Astron. Rev. 55, 166 (2011).
E. Filippova, M. Revnivtsev, S. Fabrika, K. Postnov, and E. Seifina, Astron. Astrophys. 460, 125 (2006).
A. R. Foster, L. Ji, R. K. Smith, and N. S. Brickhouse, Astrophys. J. 756, 128 (2012).
V. Goranskij, Perem. Zvezdy 31, 5 (2011).
W. K. Hastings, Biometrika 57, 97 (1970); Biometrika 57, 109 (1970).
E. P. J. van den Heuvel, Vistas Astron. 25, 95 (1981).
T. C. Hillwig, D. R. Gies, W. Huang, M. V. McSwain, M. A. Stark, A. van der Meer, and L. Kaper, Astrophys. J. 615, 422 (2004).
T. Hillwig and D. Gies, Astrophys. J. 676, L37 (2008).
D. P. Huenemoerder et al., Astron. J. 141, 129 (2011).
P. J. Humphrey, W. Liu, and D. A. Buote, Astrophys. J. 693, 822 (2009).
Y.-F. Jiang, J. Stone, and S. W. Davis, ar**v: 1709.02845 (2017).
I. I. Khabibullin and S. Y. Sazonov, Astron. Lett. 38, 443 (2012).
I. Khabibullin and S. Sazonov, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 457, 3963 (2016).
I. Khabibullin, P. Medvedev, and S. Sazonov, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 455, 1414 (2016).
T. Kotani, N. Kawai, M. Matsuoka, and W. Brinkmann, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 48, 619 (1996).
T. Kotani, S. A. Trushkin, R. Valiullin, K. Kinugasa, S. Safi-Harb, N. Kawai, and M. Namiki, Astrophys. J. 637, 486 (2006).
E. V. Koval and N. I. Shakura, ESA SP 296, 479 (1989).
K. Kubota et al., Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 62, 323 (2010).
J.-F. Liu, Y. Bai, S. Wang, S. Justham, Y. J. Lu, W.-M. Gu, Q.-Z. Liu, R. di Stefano, J.-C. Guo, A. Cabrera-Lavers, P. Álvarez, Y. Cao, and S. Kulkarni, Nature (London, U.K.) 528, 108 (2015).
L. A. Lopez, H. L. Marshall, C. R. Canizares, N. S. Schulz, and J. F. Kane, Astrophys. J. 650, 338 (2006).
P. Madau and T. Fragos, Astrophys. J. 840, 13 (2017).
H. L. Marshall, C. R. Canizares, and N. S. Schulz, Astrophys. J. 564, 941 (2000).
H. L. Marshall, C. R. Canizares, T. Hillwig, A. Mioduszewski, M. Rupen, N. S. Schulz, M. Nowak, and S. Heinz, Astrophys. J. 775, 75 (2013).
A. Medvedev and S. Fabrika, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 402, 479 (2010).
P. S. Medvedev, S. N. Fabrika, V. V. Vasiliev, V. P. Goranskij, and E. A. Barsukova, Astron. Lett. 39, 826 (2013).
P. S. Medvedev, I. I. Khabibullin, and S. Yu. Sazonov, Astron. Lett. 44, 390 (2018).
M. J. Middleton, D. J.Walton, W. Alston, T. Dauser, S. Eikenberry, Y.-F. Jiang, A. C. Fabian, F. Fuerst, M. Brightman, H. Marshall, M. Parker, C. Pinto, F. A. Harrison, M. Bachetti, D. Altamirano, et al., ar**v:1810.10518 (2018).
M. Milgrom, Astron. Astrophys. 76, L3 (1979).
S. Mineo, M. Gilfanov, and R. Sunyaev, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 418, 2095 (2012).
M. Namiki, N. Kawai, T. Kotani, and K. Makishima, Publ. Astron. Soc. Jpn. 55, 281 (2003).
K. Ohsuga and S. Mineshige, Astrophys. J. 736, 2 (2011).
A. A. Panferov and S. N. Fabrika, Astron. Lett. 19, 41 (1993).
J. Poutanen, G. Lipunova, S. Fabrika, A. G. Butkevich, and P. Abolmasov, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 377, 1187 (2007).
A. Sadowski, R. Narayan, J. C. McKinney, and A. Tchekhovskoy, Astrophys. J. 543, 28 (2000).
S. Sazonov and I. Khabibullin, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 468, 2249 (2017).
S. Sazonov and I. Khabibullin, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 476, 2530 (2018).
N. I. Shakura and R. A. Sunyaev, Astron. Astrophys. 24, 337 (1973).
I. S. Shklovskii, Sov. Astron. 25, 315 (1981).
R. Urquhart and R. Soria, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 456, 1859 (2016).
I. Waisberg, J. Dexter, P. Olivier-Petrucci, G. Dubus, and K. Perraut, ar**v:1811.12564 (2018).
M. C. Weisskopf, B. Brinkman, C. Canizares, G. Garmire, S. Murray, and L. P. van Speybroeck, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacif. 114, 1 (2002).
J. Wilms, A. Allen, and R. McCray, Astrophys. J. 542, 914 (2000).
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 14-12-01315). We thank E.M. Churazov for the provided cwind spectral model of scattering in a cold wind.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Russian Text © The Author(s), 2019, published in Pis’ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2019, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 344–366.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Medvedev, P.S., Khabibullin, I.I. & Sazonov, S.Y. Diagnostics of Parameters for the X-ray Jets of SS 433 from High-Resolution Chandra Spectroscopy. Astron. Lett. 45, 299–320 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773719050049
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773719050049