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Time-dependent ionization in the envelopes of type II supernovae at the photospheric phase

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Abstract

The importance of allowance for the time-dependent effect in the kinetics at the photospheric phase during a supernova explosion has been confirmed by several independent research groups. The time-dependent effect provides a higher degree of hydrogen ionization in comparison with the steadystate solutions and strengthens the Hα line in the resulting simulated spectrum, with the intensity of the effect increasing with time. However, some researchers argue that the time-dependent ionization effect is unimportant. Its allowance leads to an insignificant strengthening of Hα in their modeling only in the first days after explosion. We have demonstrated the importance of the time-dependent effect with the models of SN 1999em as an example using the new original LEVELS software package. The role of a number of factors that can weaken the time-dependent effect has been checked. We have confirmed that the intensity of the effect is affected by the abundance of metal admixtures in the envelope, while the addition of extra levels to the model hydrogen atom weakens the time-dependent effect to a lesser degree and never removes it completely.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, ul. Bol’shaya Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow, 117218, Russia

    M. Sh. Potashov, S. I. Blinnikov & V. P. Utrobin

  2. Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Universitetskii pr. 13, Moscow, 119992, Russia

    S. I. Blinnikov

  3. Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

    S. I. Blinnikov

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  1. M. Sh. Potashov
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  2. S. I. Blinnikov
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  3. V. P. Utrobin
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Correspondence to M. Sh. Potashov.

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Original Russian Text © M.Sh. Potashov, S.I. Blinnikov, V.P. Utrobin, 2017, published in Pis’ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2017, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 40–54.

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Potashov, M.S., Blinnikov, S.I. & Utrobin, V.P. Time-dependent ionization in the envelopes of type II supernovae at the photospheric phase. Astron. Lett. 43, 36–49 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063773717010030

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