Abstract
This research describes the application of response surface methodology (RSM) to develop a miniaturized carbon nanotube/zinc oxide nanocomposite as a novel sorbent for pipette-tip solid-phase microextraction for the preconcentration of nicotine from different complex matrices and its determination by spectrophotometry. Extracted nicotine reacted with potassium permanganate in the presence of sodium hydroxide to form a water-soluble green product which has a maximum absorbance at 610 nm. The effects of various parameters affecting microextraction such as the type and amount of salt, type and amount of sorbent, type and volume of eluent, sample volume and number of cycles of extraction and elution were optimized using both one-variable-at-a-time technique and RSM. The linear range of investigated method was 1.0–150 µg/L for nicotine. The detection limit for the analyte of 0.3 µg/L was achieved. Reproducibility of the protocol (expressed as RSD) was better than 4.8%. The technique was successfully applied to the determination of nicotine in seawater, human plasma and cigarette.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Shrivas, K. and Patel, D.K., Food Chem., 2010, vol. 122, p. 314.
Dobrowska, J.S., Erarpat, S., and Chormey, D.S., J. AOAC Int., 2016, vol. 99, p. 806.
Asthana, A., Rastogi, R., Sunita, G., and Gupta, V.K., J. Chin. Chem. Soc., 2004, vol. 51, p. 949.
Costa Figueiredo, E., de Oliveira, D.M., Pereira Bastos de Siqueira, M.E., and Zezzi Arruda, M.A., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2009, vol. 635, p. 102.
Yang, Y., Yang, M., Wang, H., Tang, L., Shen, G., and Yu, R., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2004, vol. 509, p. 151.
Zuo, Y., Zhang, L., Wu, J., and Fritz, J.W., Medeiros, S., Rego, C., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2004, vol. 526, p. 35.
Lei, Y.X., Biao, L.M., and Hua, D.J., Chin. J. Anal. Chem., 2007, vol. 35, p. 171.
Meger, M., Meger-Kossien, I., Schuler-Metz, A., Janket, D., and Scherer, G., J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2002, vol. 778, p. 251.
Yang, S.S. and Smetena, I., Chromatographia, 1995, vol. 40, p. 375.
Kim, I., Darwin, W.D., and Huestis, M.A., J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2005, vol. 814, p. 233.
Hashemi, S.H. and Kaykhaii, M., Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 2016, vol. 47, p. 127.
Hashemi, S.H., Kaykhaii, M., Keikha, A.J., and Parkaz, A., Anal. Methods, 2018, vol. 10, p. 5707.
Nassiri, M., Kaykhaii, M., Hashemi, S.H., and Sepahi, M., Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 2018, vol. 37, p. 89.
Gharanjik, R., Nassiri, M., and Hashemi, S.H., Iran. J. Chem. Chem. Eng., 2020, vol. 39, p. 117.
Khajeh, M., Kaykhaii, M., Mirmoghaddam, M., and Hashemi, H., Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 2009, vol. 89, p. 981.
Khajeh, M., Kaykhaii, M., Hashemi, H., and Mirmoghaddam, M., Polym. Sci., Ser. B, 2009, vol. 51, p. 344.
Hashemi, S.H., Kaykhaii, M., and Khajeh, M., Anal. Lett., 2015, vol. 48, p. 1815.
Kaykhaii, M., Khajeh, M., and Hashemi, S.H., J. Anal. Chem., 2015, vol. 70, p. 1318.
Khajeh, M., Bohlooli, M., and Hashemi, H., J. Macromol. Sci., 2009, vol. 46, p. 526.
Hashemi, H., Khajeh, M., and Kaykhaii, M., Anal. Methods, 2013, vol. 5, p. 2778.
Kataoka, H., Inoue, R., Yagi, K., and Saito, K., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2009, vol. 49, p. 108.
Kardani, F., Daneshfar, A., and Sahrai, R., J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2010, vol. 878, p. 2857.
Hashemi, S.H., Yahyavi, H., Kaykhaii, M., Hashemi, M., Mirmoghaddam, M., and Keikha, A.J., Chem. Select., 2019, vol. 4, p. 3052.
Iijima, S., Nature, 1991, vol. 354, p. 56.
Hashemi, S.H., Kaykhaii, M., Keikha, A.J., and Sajjadi, Z., Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2018, vol. 137, p. 306.
Hashemi, S.H., Kaykhaii, M., Keikha, A.J. and Mirmoradzehi, E., Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 2019, vol. 213, p. 218.
Hashemi, S.H., Kaykhaii, M., Keikha, A.J., Sajjadi, Z., and Mirmoghaddam, M., Analyst, 2019, vol. 144, p. 3525.
Hashemi, S.H., Kaykhaii, M., Keikha, A.J., Mirmoradzehi, E., and Sargazi, G., BMC Chem., 2019, vol. 13, p. 59.
Hashemi, S.H. and Najari, F., J. Chromatogr. Sci., 2018, vol. 57, p. 279.
Al-Tamrah, S.A., Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999, vol. 379, p. 75.
Khajeh, M., Food Chem., 2011, vol. 129, p. 1832.
Rai, M., Ramachandran, K.N., and Gupta, V.K., Analyst, 1994, vol. 119, p. 1883.
Doctor, P.B., Gokani, V.N., Kulkarni, P.K., Parikh, J.R., and Saiyed, H.N., J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2004, vol. 802, p. 323.
Lovrić, J., Mesić, M., Macan, M., Koprivanac, M., Kelava, M., and Bradamante, V., Period. Biol., 2008, vol. 110, p. 63.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hashemi, S., Naruie, N. Application of Response Surface Methodology for Pipette-Tip Micro Solid-Phase Extraction of Nicotine from Cigarette, Seawater and Human Plasma by a Novel Carbon Nanotube/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Sorbent Following its Determination by Spectrophotometry. J Anal Chem 76, 563–572 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934821050117
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934821050117