Abstract
The heliospheric modulation potential was reconstructed based on data from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) on the content of the cosmogenic isotope 10Be in the Greenland ice from the end of the 14th century CE. This time interval includes global solar-activity minima, such as the Spörer (≈1460–1550 CE), Maunder (≈1645–1715 CE), and Dalton (≈1790–1830 CE) minima. The reconstruction results show that, although the duration of the Dalton minimum is small, the depth of the Maunder minimum could be comparable to the depth of the Dalton minimum. The Spörer minimum may be less deep than the Maunder minimum.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS0016793220080125/MediaObjects/11478_2021_8319_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS0016793220080125/MediaObjects/11478_2021_8319_Fig2_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Berggren, A.-M., Beer, J., Possnert, G., Aldahan, A., Kubik, P., Christl, M., Johnsen, S.J., Abreu, J., and Vinther, B.M., A 600-year annual 10Be record from the NGRIP ice core, Greenland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2009, vol. 36, L11801.
Crowley, T.J. and Lowery, T.S., How warm was medieval warm period?, Ambio, 2000, vol. 29, pp. 51–54.
Dergachev, V.A. and Ostryakov, V.M., On the influence of temperature change on radiocarbon content in the Earth’s atmosphere, in Trudy 6 vsesoyuznogo soveshchaniya po probleme “Astrofizicheskie yavleniya i radiouglerod”, Tbilisi 13–15 oktyabrya 1976 g. (Proceedings of the 6th All-Union Meeting on the Problem “Astrophysical Phenomena and Radiocarbon”, Tbilisi, October 13–15, 1976), Tbilisi, 1978, pp.177–182.
Etheridge, D.M., Steele, L.P., Langenfelds, R.L., Francey, R.J., Barnola, J.-M.I., and Morgan, V.I., Historical CO2 record derived from a spline fit (75 year cutoff) of the Law Dome DSS, DE08, and DE08-2 ice cores. http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/trends/co2/lawdome. smoothed.yr75.
Kovaltsov, G.A., Mishev, A., and Usoskin, I.G., A new model of cosmogenic production of radiocarbon 14C in the atmosphere, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2012, vol. 337, pp. 114–120.
Kudryavtsev, I.V., Dergachev, V.A., Kuleshova, A.I., Nagovitsyn, Yu.A., and Ogurtsov, M.G., Reconstruction of the heliospheric modulation potential and Wolf numbers based on the content of the 14C isotope in tree rings during the Maunder and Spörer minimums, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2016, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 998–1005.
Kuleshova, A.I., Dergachev, V.A., Kudryavtsev, I.V., Nagovitsyn, Yu.A., and Ogurtsov, M.G., Possible influence of climate factors on the reconstruction of the cosmogenic isotope 14C production rate in the Earth’s atmosphere and solar activity in past epochs, Geomagn. Aeron. (Engl. Transl.), 2015, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 1071–1075.
Licht, A., Hulot, G., Gallet, Y., and Thebault, E., Ensembles of low degree archeomagnetic field models for the past three millennia, Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 2013, vol. 224, pp. 38–67.
Moberg, A., Sonechkin, D.M., Holmgren, K., Datsenko, N.M., and Karlen, W., Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data, Nature, 2005, vol. 433, pp. 613–617.
Muscheler, R., Adolphi, F., and Nilsson, A., The revised sunspot record in comparison to cosmogenic radionuclide-based solar activity reconstructions, Sol. Phys., 2016, vol. 291, pp. 3025–3043.
Ogurtsov, M.G., Solar activity during the Maunder minimum: Comparison with the Dalton minimum, Astron. Lett., 2018, vol. 44, pp. 278–288.
Poluianov, S.V., Kovaltsov, G.A., Mishev, A.L., and Usoskin, I.G., Production of cosmogenic isotopes 7Be, 10Be, 14C, 22Na and 36Cl in the atmosphere: Altitudinal profiles of yield functions, J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos., 2016, vol. 121, no. 13, pp. 8125–8136.
SILSO, World Data Center, Sunspot Index and Long-term Solar Observations, Royal Observatory of Belgium. http://www.sidc.be/silso/.
Usoskin, I.G., Alanko-Huotari, K., Kovaltsov, G.A., and Mursula, K., Heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays: monthly reconstruction for 1951–2004, J. Geophys. Res., 2005, vol. 110, A12108.
Usoskin, I.G., Hulot, G., Gallet, Y., Roth, R., Licht, A., Joos, F., Kovaltsov, G.A.,Thebault, E., and Khokhlov, A., Evidence for distinct modes of solar activity, Astron. Astrophys., 2014, vol. 562, id L10.
Usoskin, I.G., Arlt, R., Asvestari, E., et al., The Maunder minimum (1645–1715) was indeed a grand minimum: A reassessment of multiple datasets, Astron. Astrophys., 2015, vol. 581, id A95.
Zolotova, N.V. and Ponyavin, D.I., The Maunder minimum is not as grand as it seemed to be, Astrophys. J., 2015, vol. 800, no. 1, id 42.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kudryavtsev, I.V. Reconstruction of Heliospheric Modulation Potential Based on Data on the Content of the Cosmogenic Isotope 10Be in Greenland Ice and the Extremes of Solar Activity from the End of the 14th Century. Geomagn. Aeron. 60, 1028–1031 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793220080125
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793220080125