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The Benefits of Unification Failure: Re-examining the Evolution of Economic Cooperation in Japan

  • Chapter
Japan’s Development Assistance

Abstract

Why do some countries employ a single ministry to administer all foreign aid activities while others have a number of different ministries to manage their aid programs? This question should interest not just the historians of foreign aid but also those engaged in contemporary policy since it has a strong bearing on the rise of emerging donors, with many of these new donors also at the stage of forming bureaucracies for giving aid (Sato and Shimomura 2012).1 Compared with Western donors, Japan has been relatively successful in integrating agencies at the implementation level (e.g. the establishment of NEW JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) in 2008). However, centralization at the ministerial level is lagging far behind and the decision-making is confusingly multi-centric. The Development Assistance Committee’s (DAC) peer review of Japan conducted in 2003 highlighted that “Japan’s aid system remains one of the most dispersed and complex among DAC members, which presents clear challenges for co-ordination” (OECD-DAC 2004). A situation in which multi-centric decision bodies have control over the use of the Official Development Assistance (ODA) has been repeatedly criticized, both domestically and internationally, as inefficient and ineffective.

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  1. ** Sato
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Japan International Cooperation Agency, Japan

    Hiroshi Kato (Vice President) (Vice President)

  2. Brookings Institution, USA

    John Page (Senior Fellow) (Senior Fellow)

  3. Hosei University, Japan

    Yasutami Shimomura (Professor Emeritus) (Professor Emeritus)

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© 2016 ** Sato

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Sato, J. (2016). The Benefits of Unification Failure: Re-examining the Evolution of Economic Cooperation in Japan. In: Kato, H., Page, J., Shimomura, Y. (eds) Japan’s Development Assistance. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137505385_6

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