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Petroleum system and hydrocarbon potential of the Kolmani Basin, Northeast Nigeria

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Abstract

The exploration of hydrocarbons in the Kolmani Basin, located in Northeast Nigeria, has sparked curiosity regarding its potential for hydrocarbon production. This review addresses the controversies surrounding the tectonic evolution of the Kolmani Basin, its petroleum system, and its potentiality via conventional petroleum systems (CPS). It has two tectonic models, the pull-apart model and the rift model, that influenced the petroleum system. The primary source rocks in the basin are found in the Yolde Formation (1.4–12.5wt% TOC), Pindiga Formation (0.85–2.4wt% TOC), Fika Shale, and Gombe Formation (2–4.27wt% TOC), with the Yolde Formation proving to be the most promising. The main reservoirs consist of the sandy sections of the Yolde Formation, Pindiga Formation, Bima Formation, and Gombe Formation. The primary seals are the thick Fika Shale, which caps the Pindiga Reservoirs, and the intercalating silty shales of the Gombe Formation. Trap formation began in the late Albian age, while petroleum generation, migration, and accumulation processes commenced in the late Turonian age, resulting in existing traps. Hydrocarbon preservation began in the late Albian age, as evidenced by traces of hydrocarbons in the Bima Formation. All the necessary elements and processes for petroleum formation were in place before the critical point in the Maastrichtian age. The potential of the basin was confirmed by the drilling of three wells (Kolmani River-1, Nasara-1, and Kuzari-1), with Kolmani River-1 discovering 33 billion cubic feet of gas. In addition, the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) identified six prospects using 3D seismic data.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the African Union Commission for funding this work by establishing the Pan African University.

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This study was funded by the African Union Commission through the Pan African University of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

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  1. Petroleum Geoscience Program, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute (including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Chekwube Nnamdi Didi & Osmond Ikechukwu Nwali

  2. Department of Geology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Olawale Olakunle Osinowo

  3. Department of Geology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

    Okey Eliseus Akpunonu

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Didi, C.N., Osinowo, O.O., Akpunonu, O.E. et al. Petroleum system and hydrocarbon potential of the Kolmani Basin, Northeast Nigeria. J. Sediment. Environ. 9, 145–171 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43217-023-00162-6

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