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Effects of diesel exhaust particles and urban particles on brain endothelial cells

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Abstract

Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and urban particles (UPs) increases the incidence of degenerative brain diseases as well as respiratory diseases. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of neurotoxicity on exposure to these particles. In the present study, the damage to blood–brain barrier (BBB) function by DEP or UP exposure was evaluated in bEnd.3 cells, which are derived from the brain tissue of Balb/c mice. It was demonstrated that DEP and UP exposure may induce oxidative stress via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level in bEnd.3 cells. In addition, cells exposed to DEP and UP demonstrated a resistance value of about 50% each compared to the value noted prior to exposure; additionally, Claudin-5 and ZO-1 expression levels were significantly decreased compared to the corresponding levels in the control. It was inferred that DEP or UP exposure diminishes the expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells through ROS generation, thereby enhancing endothelial membrane permeability. This study showed that DEPs or UPs induced cell permeability and oxidative stress by increasing ROS generation in bEnd.3 cells. This suggests the possibility that exposure to DEPs or UPs may compromise the integrity of the BBB and induce adverse effects in the CNS.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2016R1A2B4011280). We thank its funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea

    Ji Young Kim & Je Hoon Seo

  2. Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea

    Seonmi Hong, Ochirpurev Bolormaa, Sang-Yong Eom, Yong-Dae Kim & Heon Kim

  3. Chungbuk Regional Cancer Center, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea

    Yong-Dae Kim & Heon Kim

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  1. Ji Young Kim
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by JYK, SH and OB. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Y-DK and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yong-Dae Kim.

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Kim, J.Y., Hong, S., Bolormaa, O. et al. Effects of diesel exhaust particles and urban particles on brain endothelial cells. Toxicol Res. 38, 91–98 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43188-021-00110-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43188-021-00110-4

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