Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to (1) quantify the chemical attributes associated with soil fertility and the different fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) under no-tillage (NT) system areas at different time intervals after burning, and (2) measure the impact of burning on soil fertility and organic carbon fractions by comparing the data obtained with information from areas before the action of fire (reference time). Methods Two areas managed under the NT system that were affected by fires in 2020 in the Cerrado biome were evaluated. The areas had different implementation times: the NT07 area was implemented 7 years ago, in the transition phase, and the NT19 area was implemented 19 years ago, in the consolidation phase. Samples collected at four different times after burning (20, 40, 60, and 80 d) were used. Results In the NT19 area, the highest levels of Ca2+, K+, total carbon, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, particulate, and mineral-associated carbon were quantified compared with the NT07 area in the surface layer. Polynomial regression analysis showed significant temporal variations in the contents of chemical attributes and organic fractions of the SOM, especially in the fractions with higher lability in the area of the system in the transition phase. Conclusion The effect of fire was greater in the superficial layer (first 0.10 m depth), wherein greater changes were observed in the chemical attributes and organic matter fractions of the soil compared to the underlying layer (0.10–0.20 m). Burning influenced the dynamics of certain nutrients and the compartmentalization of soil organic matter throughout the 80 days of evaluation. We believe that the evaluation and temporal monitoring of soils in areas affected by fire, both natural and anthropogenic, are essential. These areas are intended for food production.
Highlights
i. The Cerrado biome was the most affected by fires in Brazil in 2020, affecting an area of ± 139,649 km2.
ii. Fire can cause negative impacts on soil attributes.
iii. Fire can increase atmospheric gas emissions, contributing to global warming.
iv. No-tillage systems in more advanced stages are more resilient against burning.
Graphical Abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Addiscott TM (1995) Entropy and sustainability. Eur J Soil Sci 46:161–168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1995.tb01823.x
Addiscott TM (2010) Entropy, non-linearity and hierarchy in ecosystems. Geoderma 160(1):57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.029
Alves RJV, Silva NG (2011) O fogo é sempre um vilão nos campos rupestres (português)? Biodiversidade Brasileira 2:120–127. https://doi.org/10.37002/biobrasil.v%25vi%25i.111
Anghinoni I (2007) Fertilidade do solo e seu manejo no sistema plantio direto (português). In: Novais RF, Alvarez VH, Barros NF, Fontes RLF, Cantarutti RB, Neves JCL. Fertilidade do solo 1(6):873–928
Barroso AG, Sano EE, Freitas DM (2017) Identificação de desmatamentos no cerrado utilizando técnicas de diferença de imagens e índice de queimada por diferença normalizada (português). Rev Bras Cartogr 69(7):1397–1409
Beck HE, Zimmermann NE, Mcvicar TR, Vergopolan N, Berg A, Wood EF (2018) Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Sci Data 5:180214. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.214
Cambardella CA, Elliott ET (1993) Methods for physical separation and characterization of soil organic matter fractions. Geoderma 56:449–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(93)90126-6
Ceballos GA, Fabian AJ, Silva JCO, Torino AB, Bernardes GF (2018) Production and speed of decomposition of species of soil coverage in direct sowing system. Revista de Ciências Agrárias 61:1–6. https://doi.org/10.22491/rca.2018.2631
Chandler C, Cheney P, Thomas P, Trabaud L, Williams D (1983) Fire in forestry. Volume 1. Forest fire behavior and effects. Volume 2. Forest fire management and organization. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Conceição PC, Boeni M, Dieckow J, Bayer C, Martin-Neto L, Mielniczuk J (2007) Eficiência do politungstato de sódio no fracionamento densimétrico da matéria orgânica do solo (português). Rev Bras Ciênc Solo 31:1301–1310. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832007000600009
Costa DDA (2019) Fracionamento do fósforo no solo em função dos sistemas de manejo (português). 2019. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) – Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia. https://doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.14
Culman SW, Snapp SS, Freeman MA, Schipanski ME, Beniston J, Lal R, Drinkwater LE, Franzluebbers AJ, Glover JD, Grandy AS, Lee J, Six J, Maul JE, Mirsky SB, Spargo JT, Wander MM (2012b) Permanganate oxidizable carbon reflects a processed soil fraction that is sensitive to management. Soil Sci Soc Am J 76:494–504. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2011.0286
Culman SW, Snapp SS, Green JM, Gentry LE (2013) Short- and long-term labile soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics reflect management and predict corn agronomic performance. Agron J 105:493–502. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0382
Culman SW, Freeman M, Snapp SS. (2012a) Procedure for the determination of permanganate oxidizable carbon. Kellogg Biological Station-Long Term Ecological Research Protocols, Hickory Corners, MI. http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/protocols/133
Denardin JE, Kochhann RA, Faganello A, Santi A, Denardin NA, Wiethölter S (2012) Diretrizes do sistema plantio direto no contexto da agricultura conservacionista. Passo Fundo: Embrapa Trigo (Documentos 141)
Dias RDC, Teixeira PC, Pereira RN, Loiola JAD, Pereira MG, Zonta E (2022) Curvas de resposta do milho à adubação potássica obtidas através de experimento fatorial (português). Rev Agr Acad 5(2):35–49. https://doi.org/10.32406/v5n2/2022/35-49/agrariacad
Fontaine S, Mariotti A, Abbadie L (2003) The priming effect of organic matter: a question of microbial competition? Soil Biol Biochem 35:837–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00123-8
González-Pérez JA, González-Vila FJ, Almendros G, Knicker H (2004) The effect of fire on soil organic matter—a review. Environ Int 30(6):855–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.003
Guareschi RF, Pereira MG, Perin A (2013) Oxidizable carbon fractions in Red Latosol under different management systems. Revista Ciência Agronômica 44:242–250. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902013000200005
Hurisso TT, Culman SW, Horwath WR, Wade J, Cass D, Beniston JW, Bowles TM, Grandy AS, Franzluebbers AJ, Schipanski ME, Lucas ST, Ugarte CM (2016) Comparison of Permanganate-Oxidizable Carbon and Mineralizable Carbon for Assessment of Organic Matter Stabilization and Mineralization. Soil Sci Soc Am J 80(5):1352. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.04.0106
INMET (2021) Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (português). Gráficos, 2021. Disponivel em: http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php/gráficos. Accessed Jan 2023
INPE (2021a) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (português). Monitoramento dos Focos Ativos por Bioma. São José dos Campos: INPE, 2020. Disponível em: https://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/queimadas/portal-static/estatisticas_estados/. Accessed June 2021
INPE (2021b) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (português). Portal do Monitoramento de Queimadas e Incêndios. São José dos Campos: INPE, 2020. Disponível em: https://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/queimadas/aq1km/#nota. Accessed June 2021
INPE (2021c) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (português). Monitoramento dos Focos Ativos por estado. São José dos Campos: INPE, 2020. Disponível em: https://queimadas.dgi.inpe.br/queimadas/portal-static/estatisticas_estados/. Accessed June 2021
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Res Rep No 106 FAO Rome, 203
Klink CA, Machado RB (2005) Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. Conserv Biol 19:707–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00702.x
Lal R (2018) Digging deeper: a holistic perspective of factors affecting soil organic carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. Glob Change Biol 24(8):3285–3301. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14054
Loss A, Pereira MG, Perin A, Coutinho FS, Anjos LHC (2013) Particulate organic matter in soil under different management systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Soil Res 50:685–693. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR12196
Machado PLOA (2002) Fracionamento físico do solo por densidade e granulometria para a quantificação de compartimentos da matéria orgânica do solo: um procedimento para a estimativa pormenorizada do seqüestro de carbono pelo solo (português). Embrapa Solos, Rio de Janeiro
Marafon G, Barbosa RS, Jesus Lacerda JJ, Martins V, Costa OS (2020) C and P pool restoration by a no-tillage system on Brazilian Cerrado Oxisol in Piauí State. Environ Monit Assess 192(4):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-8221-6
Mazetto Júnior JC, Torres JLR, Costa DDD, Silva VR, Souza ZM, Lemes EM (2019) Production and decomposition of cover crop residues and associations with soil organic fractions. J Agric Sci 11(5):1–17. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n5p58
Minitab (2019) Regression analysis: How to interpret R-squared and assess quality of fit? Minitab Blog, 27 March. 2019. Available at: https://blog.minitab.com/pt/analise-de-regressao-como-interpretar-o-r-quadrado-e-avaliar-a-qualidade-de-ajuste. Accessed 10 Jan 2023
Miranda HS, Bustamante MMC, Miranda AC (2002) The fire factor. In Oliveira PS, & Marquis RJ (Eds.). The Cerrados of Brazil: Ecology and natural history of a neotropical savanna 51–68. New York: Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/oliv12042
Nelson DW, Sommers LE (1996) Total carbono, organic carbono and organic matter. p. 961–1010. In: BLACK CA, ed. Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. Soil Science of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA.
Nunes DO, Favaro JHDS, Charlo HCDO, Loss A, Barreto AC, Torres JLR (2022) Green and sweet corn grown under different cover crops and phases of the no-tillage system. Revista Brasileira De Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 26:173–179. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n3p173-179
Oliveira-Filho AT, Ratter J (2002) Vegetation physiognomies and woody flora of the Cerrado biome. In: Oliveira PS, & Marquis TJ (Eds.). The Cerrados of Brazil: Ecology and natural history of a neotropical savanna. New York: Columbia University Press 91–120 https://doi.org/10.7312/oliv12042-005
Pacheco LP, Miguel ASDCS, Silva RG, Souza ED, Petter FA, Kappes C (2017) Biomassa yield in production systems of soybean sown in succession to annual crops and cover crops. Pesq Agrop Brasileira 52:582–591. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000800003
Pereira MG, Loss A, Beutler SJ, Torres JLR (2012). Granulometric and humic fractions carbon stocks of soil organic matter under no-tillage. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 15:1–13. Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=93924483003
Pinto LASR, Torres JLR, Morais IS, Ferreira R, Silva Júnior WF, Lima SS, Beutler SJ, Pereira MG (2021) Physicogenic and biogenic aggregates under different management systems in the Cerrado region, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 45:0200114. https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20200114
Pinto LASR, Lima SS, Silva CF, Gonçalves RGM, Morais IS, Ferreira R, Silva Junior WF, Torres JLR, Pereira MG (2022) Soil quality indicators in conventional and conservation tillage systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Environ Earth Sci 81:306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10426-5
R Core Team (2020) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
Redin M, Santos GF, Miguel P, Denega GL, Lupatini M, Doneda A, Souza EL (2011) Impactos da queima sobre atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo (português). Ciência Florestal 21(2):381–392. https://doi.org/10.5902/198050983243
Reichert JM, Rosa VT, Vogelmann ES, Rosa DP, Horn R, Reinert DJ, Sattler A, Denardin JE (2016) Conceptual framework for capacity and intensity physical soil properties affected by short and long-term (14 years) continuous no-tillage and controlled traffic. Soil Tillage Res 158:123–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.11.010
Ribeiro JF, Walter BMT (2008) As principais fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado. In: Sano SM, Almeida SP, Ribeiro JF. (Eds.). Cerrado: ecologia e flora. Brasília Embrapa Informação Tecnológica 1:151–199
Ribeiro AC, Guimarães PTG, Alvarez V (1999) Recomendação para o uso de corretivos e fertilizantes em Minas Gerais (português). Viçosa, Minas Gerais, p 359
Rosset JS (2015) Caracterização da matéria orgânica, atributos químicos e físicos do solo sob diferentes sistemas de manejo na região oeste do Paraná (português). 2015. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) – Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Marechal Candido Rondon.
Santos HG, Jacomine PKT, Anjos LHC, Oliveira VA, Lumbreras JF, Coelho MR, Almeida JA, Araújo Filho JC, Oliveira JB, Cunha TJF (2018) Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos (português). 5 ed., rev. e ampl. Brasília, DF: Embrapa, 356
Sato JH, Figueiredo CC, Marchao RL, Madari BE, Benedito LEC, Busato JG, Souza DM (2014) Methods of soil carbon determination in Brazilian savannah soil. Scientia Agrícola 71(4):302–308. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-9016-2013-0306
Schmidt MWI, Noack AG (2000) Black carbon in soils and sediments: analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges. Glob Geochem Cycles 14:777–793. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB001208
Sharma AR, Kharol SK, Badarinath KVS, Singh D (2010) Impact of agriculture crop residue burning on atmospheric aerosol loading–a study over Punjab State, 661 India. Ann Geophys 28(2):09927689. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-367-2010
Silva Neto EC, Pereira MG, Frade Júnior EF, Silva SB, Carvalho Júnior JA, Santos JCD (2019) Temporal evaluation of soil chemical attributes after slash-and-burn agriculture in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Acta Sci Agron 41(1):42609. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.42609
Six J, Elliott ET, Paustian K (2000) Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: A mechanism for C sequestration under notillage agriculture. Soil Biol Biochem 32:2099–2103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00179-6
Six J, Bussuyt H, Degryze S, Denef K (2004) A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Tillage Res 79:7–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.03.008
Skjemstad JO, Graetz RD (2003) The impact of burning on the nature of soil organic matter in Australia. Agronomia 7:85–90
Sohi SP, Mahieu N, Arah JRM, Powlson DS, Madari B, Gaunt JL (2001) A procedure for isolating soil organic matter fractions suitable for modeling. Soil Sci Soc Am J 65(1):1121–1128. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2001.6541121x
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to soil taxonomy, 12th ed. US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, p 360
Teixeira PC, Donagema GK, Fontana A, Teixeira WG (2017) Manual de métodos de análise de solos (português), 3rd ed. Brasília: Embrapa, p 573
Torres JLR, Mazetto Júnior JC, Silva Júnior J, Vieira DMS, Souza ZM, Assis RL, Lemes EM (2019) Soil physical attributes and organic matter accumulation under no-tillage systems in the Cerrado. Soil Res 57:712–718. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR19047
Torres JLR, Silva VR, Costa DDA, Pereira MG, Assunção SA, Gonzalez AP, Pinto LASR, Loss A (2021) Aggregation and dynamics of soil organic matter under different management systems in the Brazilian Cerrado. Soil Res 59:715–716. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR20230
Weil RR, Islam KR, Stine MA, Gruver JB, Samson-Liebig SE (2003) Estimating active carbon for soil quality assessment: a simplified method for lab and field use. Am J Altern Agric 18:3–17. https://doi.org/10.1079/AJAA200228
Weil RR, Magdoff F (2004) Significance of soil organic matter to soil quality and health. In: Magdoff F, Weil RR (eds) Soil organic matter in sustainable agriculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 1–43. https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Significance%20of%20soil%20organic%20matter%20to%20soil%20quality%20and%20health&publication_year=2004&author=R.R.%20Weil&author=F.%20Magdoff. Accessed 10 Jan 2023
WWF-Brasil MMA (2015) Áreas prioritárias para conservação da biodiversidade no Cerrado e Pantanal (português). Brasília, Brazil
Yeomans JC, Bremner JM (1988) A rapid and precise method for routine determination of organic carbon in soil. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 19:1467–1476. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628809368027
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support of CAPES, CNPq, FAPERJ, AGRISUS FOUNDATION (PA 3102/21), and PPGA–CS/UFRRJ.
Funding
This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), and Foundation AGRISUS. Thanks to AGRISUS FOUNDATION for the financial support of the approved agronomic research project No 3102/21.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization: Marcos Gervasio Pereira, José Luiz Rodrigues Torres, and Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto. Data curation: Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto, Igor de Sousa Morais, Robert Ferreira, and Marcos Gervasio Pereira. Formal analysis: Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto, Igor de Sousa Morais, Robert Ferreira, João Pedro Gomes de Sousa, Luiz Victorio França Guardieiro, and Marcos Gervasio Pereira. Funding acquisition: Marcos Gervasio Pereira, José Luiz Rodrigues Torres, and Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto. Investigation: Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto, Igor de Sousa Morais, and Robert Ferreira. Methodology: Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto, and Marcos Gervasio Pereira. Software: Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto. Validation: Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto, and Marcos Gervasio Pereira. Writing–original draft: Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto, Igor de Sousa Morais, Robert Ferreira, João Pedro Gomes de Sousa, Luiz Victorio França Guardieiro, José Luiz Rodrigues Torres, and Marcos Gervasio Pereira. Writing–review and editing: Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues Pinto, Marcos Gervasio Pereira, and José Luiz Rodrigues Torres.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
All authors have read, understood, and complied with all requirements regarding the ethical responsibility of the journal and are aware that, with minor exceptions, no changes may be made in authorship after submission of the article.
Financial Interests
The authors declare they have no financial interests.
Non-Financial Interests
None.
Consent to Publish
The authors consent to the case manuscript being submitted to, and published in the journal.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
da Silva Rodrigues Pinto, L.A., de Sousa Morais, I., Ferreira, R. et al. Temporal Evaluation of Soil Attributes in No-Tillage Areas After Burning in the Cerrado Biome, Brazil. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 23, 5552–5566 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01421-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-023-01421-1