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Phytophthora diseases of arecanut in India: prior findings, present status and future prospects

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Abstract

Phytophthora diseases are serious and often fatal in arecanut causing huge losses to farmers (50–100%) if timely and proper management measures aren’t adopted. Among Phytophthora diseases, fruit rot disease predominantly exists in all the arecanut growing regions receiving heavy rainfall during the south-west monsoon season. The extended manifestation of pathogen causes crown and bud rot disease which prevails till November–December due to prolonged rains and congenial weather factors. The role of Phytophthora in causing these diseases of arecanut was established in the early 1900’s and later the Phytophthora meadii was identified as a causal agent. Though the diseases are sporadic, their management in the field situation is a challenging task due to intense rainfall and the variability in the pathogen. The continuous heavy rainfall during the tender arecanut developmental stage, non-availability of professional climbers coupled with the absence of machinery for powerful spraying, occurrence of aggressive pathotypes and lack of Phytophthora resistant/tolerant arecanut varieties are the major hindrance for taking up effective disease management measures. The present review has attempted to compile the earlier findings, present status of this century-old disease, and discusses future strategies for the development of effective remedies for this serious malady of the areca palm.

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  1. ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671124, India

    Patil Balanagouda, Hegde Vinayaka & H. P. Maheswarappa

  2. College of Horticulture, Hiriyur, UAHS, Shivamogga, Karnataka, 577204, India

    H. Narayanaswamy

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  1. Patil Balanagouda
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Balanagouda, P., Vinayaka, H., Maheswarappa, H.P. et al. Phytophthora diseases of arecanut in India: prior findings, present status and future prospects. Indian Phytopathology 74, 561–572 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-021-00382-8

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