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Elite nanomaterials in cancer detection and therapy

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Abstract

The development of nanotechnology has completely changed doctor’s perceptions of current cancer treatments. Nanotherapeutics may replace conventional cancer treatment methods like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. In this review, we have reviewed the recently-developed multifunctional nanoparticles, i.e., metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles, and nanocomposites, as well as their uses in the field of cancer research, including diagnostics (including positron emission tomography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging), targeted drug delivery, overcoming multidrug resistance, and therapy (i.e., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, hyperthermal therapy) efficiently. The drug encapsulation and functional surface modifications of nanoparticles have helped in the reduction of various limitations associated with conventional methods that include site-specific anticancer drug delivery and real-time cancer cell monitoring. The multifunctional antitumor systems based on nanomaterials exhibit tumor cell imaging, reactive oxygen species production with high cytotoxicity, and enhanced tumor inhibition rates. Various mechanisms of cancer cell death such as apoptotic and non-apoptotic (cuproptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis) have also been discussed. Additionally, we have outlined the difficulties, future prospects, benefits, drawbacks, and some clinical data related to nanoparticles utilized in cancer theranostics. In this review, we will classify the fundamental nanomaterials and highlight the development in the field of cancer.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly thankful to Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University for providing necessary facilities.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, -124001, Rohtak, Haryana, India

    Nisha Loura, Manvender Singh & Vikas Dhull

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  1. Nisha Loura
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Loura, N., Singh, M. & Dhull, V. Elite nanomaterials in cancer detection and therapy. emergent mater. 6, 1415–1440 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-023-00539-3

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