Abstract
The study of Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) driven by fast particles in toroidal plasmas is of a great importance for future fusion reactor with plasma, dominating by fusion alphas. The review is the first attempt to describe systematically AEs in the TJ-II stellarator with low magnetic shear, and to summarize more than 10 years of the direct application of the Heavy Ion Beam Probing (HIBP)—a diagnostic with unique capabilities to study AEs in toroidal plasmas by local measurement of the AE-excited electric potential and density perturbation in the plasma core along with magnetic potential perturbations. Experimental findings, including absolute values of plasma potential and density perturbation, and the mode radial location, are compared with numerical simulations that allows us to identify the observed modes as helicity induced Alfvén eigenmodes (HAE) and global Alfvén eigenmodes (GAE). On top of that, the mode poloidal rotation, mode numbers, and turbulent particle flux estimations are described. 2D poloidal map of the AEs demonstrates the ballooning character of plasma potential perturbation. AEs in both continuous frequency and chir** form shows strong evolution caused by rotational transform (iota) change, the suggested analytical model for the mode frequency describes the observation. AE frequency dynamics down to geodesic acoustic mode frequency with iota variation along with AE transformation from continuous to chir** form and back is observed.
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Acknowledgements
The authors warmly acknowledge the long-term trilateral collaboration with our colleagues from TJ-II team, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain, leaded by Carlos Hidalgo, and HIBP group from Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, Ukraine, leaded by L.I. Krupnik and A.S. Kozachek. We are grateful to our Japanese colleagues T. Ido, A. Shimizu, S. Oshima, S. Yamamoto and K. Nagaoka for joint experiments in TJ-II as well as theoreticians and computer modellers B.N. Breizman (USA), A. Könies (Germany), S.E. Sharapov (UK), D.A. Spong (USA) and J. Varela (Spain), and many other colleagues for assistance in experiments and fruitful discussions. AVM is partly supported by the Competitiveness Program of NRNU MEPhI.
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Eliseev, L.G., Melnikov, A.V. & Lysenko, S.E. Study of Alfvén eigenmodes with heavy ion beam probing in the TJ-II stellarator. Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys. 6, 25 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41614-022-00088-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41614-022-00088-y