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Potential utilization of industrial effluents in ternary blended geopolymer concrete for future sustainable environment

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Abstract

Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a sustainable building material for construction that is created by manufacturing concrete from industrial leftovers using an alkaline solution. The study analyzes ternary blended GPC’s microstructure, workability, and mechanical properties. Green concrete is obtained by blending with fly ash, GGBS & metakaolin, comprising alumina and silica as significant compounds. The slump and compaction factor tests evaluate the fresh property of ternary blended geopolymer concrete and mechanical properties by split tensile, compressive, and flexure strength tests. The geopolymer concrete’s microstructure properties are studied using SEM, EDS, and XRD tests. The test results divulged that an increase in the volume of fibers decreases the workability of concrete. Concrete produced by adding 60% fly ash, 25% GGBS, and 15% metakaolin yielded the maximum strength compared to the other concrete mixes. Microstructure images revealed that the GPC mix possesses a high calcium content, compact, homogenous mixture, and effective dissolution of Si & Al in an alkaline solution is mainly responsible for the strength attainment. Thus, due to the usage of industrial byproducts, ternary blended GPC solves environmental issues proving to be economical and futuristic material to produce sustainable green concrete.

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Abbreviations

Al:

Aluminum

C–S–H:

Calcium silicate hydrate

EDS:

Energy-Dispersive-Spectroscopy

GPC:

Geopolymer concrete

GHG:

Greenhouse gases

GGBS:

Ground granulated blast furnace slag

N–A–S–H:

Sodium silicate hydrate

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

Si:

Silica

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari, Karnataka, India

    S. Mohammed Khalid

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, RYMEC, Ballari, Karnataka, India

    Shobha M. Shanthaveerappa

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Reshma T. Vishweshwaraiah

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, SJMIT, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India

    Srishaila J. Mahalingasharma

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Contributions

SMK: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Dr. SS: Conceptualization, Reviewing & Supervision, RTV: Writing—review and editing, Resources, Software, Data curation, Formal analysis., Dr. SJM: Methodology, Supervision.

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Correspondence to Reshma T. Vishweshwaraiah.

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Khalid , S.M., Shanthaveerappa, S.M., Vishweshwaraiah, R.T. et al. Potential utilization of industrial effluents in ternary blended geopolymer concrete for future sustainable environment. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 8, 104 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01072-2

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