SpringerLink
Log in

Gymnosperm Foliage from the Lower Jurassic of Jirande Area, Western Alborz Mountain, North Iran

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Iranian Journal of Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper describes five gymnospermous macro-remains, including bennettitalean (Otozamites furoni), coniferalean (Pityophyllum longifolium and Stachyotaxus septentrionalis), ginkgoalean (Sphenobaiera gyron), and czekanowskialean (Phoenicopsis speciosa) leaves, from the Jirandeh area in the western Alborz, Iran. Materials were collected from a Lower Jurassic coal-bearing horizon within the Shemshak Group in the Jirande locality. The morphological characters of encountered gymnospermous remains, together with their palaeogeographical distribution and stratigraphical occurrences, are discussed herein. The species Sphenobaiera gyron is recorded here for the first time from Asia. Pityophyllum longifolium and Stachyotaxus septentrionalis are described for the first time in Iran. This is also the first report of Phoenicopsis speciosa from the western Alborz region. The upland environment under a subtropical to warm-temperate climate is suggested for the Lower Jurassic deposits in the Jirande area based on the occurrence of the encountered gymnospermous taxa.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbink OA (1998) Palynological investigations in the jurassic of the north sea region. LPP contributions series 8. LPP foundation, Utrecht

  • Abbink OA, Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert JHA, Visscher H (2004) A sporomorph ecogroup model for the Northwest European jurassic-lower cretaceousi: concepts and framework. Neth J Geosci 83(1):17–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Agardh CA (1823) Species algarum rite cognitae: cum synonymis, differentiis specificis et descriptionibus succinctis (1). sumtibus E. Mavritii

  • Alavi M, Barale G (1970) Etude preliminaire de la flore de la formation de shemshak dans la region de djam (Iran). Pub De La Société Linnéenne De Lyon 39(8):241–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Ameri H, Dastanpour M, Khalilizade H, Zamani F (2014) Plant fossil remains from the bajocian-bathonian of hojedk formation, babhutk area, Kerman. Iran Arabian J Geosci 7(6):2293–2302

    Google Scholar 

  • Antevs E (1919) Die liassische flora des Hörsandsteins. Geol Fören i Stockh Förh 41(6):524–527

    Google Scholar 

  • Arndt S (2002) Morphologie und systematik ausgewählter mesozoischer koniferen. palaeontographica abteilung B. pp 1–23

  • Barbacka M (2011) Biodiversity and the reconstruction of early jurassic flora from the mecsek mountains (southern Hungary). Acta Palaeobot 51(2):127–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnard PDW (1965) The geology of the upper Djadjerud and Lar valleys (North Iran) II. Palaeontology. Flora of the Shemshak formation Part 1. Liassic plants from Dorud Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 71(4): 1123–1168

  • Barnard PDW (1967) The geology of the upper Djadjerud and Lar valleys (North Iran) II. Palaeontology. Flora of the Shemshak formation Part 2. Liassic plants from Shemshak and Ashtar: Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 73(2): 539–588

  • Barnard PDW, Miller JC (1976) Flora of the Shemshak formation (Elburz, Iran). Part 3: Middle jurassic (Dogger) plants from Katumbargah, Vasek Gah and Imam Manak. Palaeontographica Abteilung B. pp 6–117

  • Batten DJ (1974) Wealden palaeoecology from the distribution of plant fossils. Proc Geol Assoc 85(4):433–458

    Google Scholar 

  • Bomfleur B, Kerp H (2010) The first record of the dipterid fern leaf Clathropteris Brongniart from Antarctica and its relation to Polyphacelus stormensis Yao, Taylor et Taylor nov. Emend. Rev Palaeobot Palynol. 160(3–4):143–153

  • Boureau É, Furon R, Rosset LF (1950) Contribution à l’étude des flores jurassiques d’Asie. Mus Natl Hist Nat 30:207–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Corsin P, Stampfli G (1977) La formation de Shemshak dans L’elburz oriental (Iran) Flore-Stratigraphie-Paléogéographie. Geobios 10(4):509–571

    Google Scholar 

  • Fakhr MS (1977) Contribution à l’étude de la flore rhéto-liasique de la formation de Shemshak de l’Elbourz (Iran): Comite des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Mém Sect Sci 5:9–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Farahimanesh M, Ghavidel-Syooki M, Sadeghi A (2021) The rhaetian ferns and seed ferns from the shemshak group, ghoznavi area, NE Alborz mountain. Iran Arab J Geosc 14(1):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Fürsich FT, Wilmsen M, Seyed-Emami K, Majidifard MR (2009) Lithostratigraphy of the upper triassic-middle jurassic shemshak group of northern Iran. Geol Soc Lond, Spec Pub 312(1):129–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Göppert HR (1861) Über das Vorkommen von Lias-Pflanzen im Kaukasus und in der Alborus-Kette. Académie des sciences

  • Götz AE, Ruckwied K, Barbacka M (2011) Palaeoenvironment of the late triassic (rhaetian) and early jurassic (hettangian) mecsek coal formation (south Hungary): implications from macro-and microfloral assemblages. Palaeobiodivers Palaeoenviron 91(2):75–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris TM (1926) The rhaetic flora of scoresby sound, east Greenland. Medd Om Gronl, Kjobenhavn 68:45–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris TM (1935) The fossil flora of scoresby sound east Greenland, Part 4: Ginkgoales, Coniferales, Lycopodiales and isolated fructifications. Medd Om Gronl 112:1–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris TM (1937) The fossil flora of scoresby sound east Greenland. Part 5. Medd Om Gronl 112:1–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris TM (1946) Liassic and rhaetic plants collected in 1936–1938 from east Greenland. Medd Om Gronl 114:1–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris TM, Millington W (1974) The Yorkshire Jurassic flora. Vol. 4. Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales. Trustees of the British museum (natural history) London

  • Harris TM (1979) The Yorkshire Jurassic flora. Vol. 5. Coniferales. Trustees of the British museum (natural history) London

  • Heer O (1876) Beiträge zur Jura-flora Ostsibiriens und des Amurlandes (Vol. 12). Eggers

  • Huang W, Sun CL, Wang HS, Na YL, Li YF, Li T (2015) New phoenicopsis leaves (Czekanowskiales) from the middle jurassic daohugou biota, China and their roles in phytogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstruction. Palaeoworld 25(3):388–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacob K, Shukla BN (1955) Jurassic plants from the saighan series of northern Afghanistan and their paleo-climatological and paleo-geographical significance. Palaeontol Indica 33(2):1–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson N (1922) Die rätische Flora der Kohlengruben bei Stabbarp und Skromberga in Schonen. Almqvist and Wikssell

  • Kamran K, Sohrabi MM, Arian M, Mirzaie-Ataabadi M, Solgi A (2022) Pteridospermophyta in the mesozoic floras of abyek and Jirande, western Alborz. Iran Arab J Geosci 15(19):1573

    Google Scholar 

  • Kawasaki S (1925) Some older mesozoic plants in Korea. Bulletin on Geological Survey of Chosen. Korea. 4(1): 1–71

  • Khalilizadeh H, Ashouri AR, Ghaderi A (2022) Two fossilized swamps containing in situ Sphenophyta stems, rhizomes, and root systems from the middle jurassic Hojedk formation, Kerman area (Iran). Palaeobiodivers Palaeoenviron. Pp 1–18

  • Kilpper K (1964) Über eine Rät/Lias-Flora aus dem nördlichen Abfall des Alburs-Gebirges in NordIran. Teil 1: Bryophyta und Pteridophyta. Palaeontogr Abt B. pp 1–78

  • Kilpper K (1968) Einige Bennettiteen-Blätter aus dem Lias von Karmozd-Zirab (N-Iran). Bot J Linn Soc 61(384):129–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilpper K (1971) Über eine Rät/Lias-Flora aus dem nördlichen Abfall des Alburs-Gebirges in Nord-Iran. Teil 2: Ginkgophyten-Belaubung. Palaeontogr Abt B. pp 89–102

  • Kilpper K (1975) Paläobotanische untersuchungen in Nord-Iran. I. Nachweis nichtmariner obertrias am nordabfall des alburs-gebirges. 1. Grossform der pflanzenfunde von seltenen gattungen. Rev Palaeobot Palynol. 19(2): 139–153

  • Kimura T, Tsujii M (1984) 773 early jurassic plants in Japan. Part 6. In transactions and proceedings of the paleontological society of Japan. 133: 265–287

  • Kostina EI, Herman AB (2013) The middle jurassic flora of south Mongolia: composition, age and phytogeographic position. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 193:82–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Krasser F (1891) Über die fossile flora der rhätischen schichten persiens. Sitzungsberichte der österreichischen akademie der wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. 100: 413–432

  • Krasser F (1905) Fossilien Pflanzen aus Transbaikalien, der Mongolei und Manchurei. Denkschr. Adad. Wiss. Math.-Nat. Kl Bd 78:1–1900

    Google Scholar 

  • Kustatscher E, Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH (2005) The Ladinian flora (middle triassic) of the dolomites: palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and palaeoclimatic considerations. Geo Alp 2:31–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Kustatscher E, van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH, Roghi G (2010) Macrofloras and palynomorphs as possible proxies for palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological studies: a case study from the Pelsonian (middle triassic) of Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Prà della Vacca (Olang Dolomites, N-Italy). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 290(1–4):71–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Li YF, Sun CL, Wang H, Dilcher DL, Tan X, Li T, Na YL (2018) First record of Eretmophyllum (Ginkgoales) with well-preserved cuticle from the middle jurassic of the Ordos basin, Inner Mongolia. China Palaeoworld 27(2):188–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Li YF, Wang H, Dilcher DL, Bugdaeva E, Tan X, Li T, Sun CL (2019) Middle jurassic plant diversity and climate in the Ordos basin. China Paleontol J 53(11):1216–1235

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz C (1964) Die Geologie der Oberen Karadj Thales (Zentral Elburz). Iran Mitt Geol Inst e t h Univ 22:1–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehdizadeh A, Vaez Javadi F, Ashouri A, Ghaderi A (2019) Biostratigraphy of the Hojedk formation in the Kale-shur region, South-West Tabas based on plant macrofossils and analysis of paleoclimate. Pp 213–240

  • Mehdizadeh A, Vaez Javadi F, Ashouri A, Ghaderi A (2020) Biostratigraphy of plant macrofossils of Hojedk formation in the Chah-Rekhneh area, south-west Tabas and its palaeoclimate analysis. Res Earth Sci 11(3):89–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Möller H (1903) Bidrag till Bornholms fossila flora (Rhät och Lias). Gymnospermer Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademins Handlingar 36:56

    Google Scholar 

  • Nathorst AG (1876) Bidrag till Sveriges fossila flora. PA Norstedt 14:3

    Google Scholar 

  • Nathorst AG (1878) Om floran i Skånes kolförande bildningar. PA Norstedt and söner, kongl. Boktryckare. Pp 1–52

  • Nathorst AG (1886) Om floran i Skanes kolforande Bildingar. I. Floran vid Bjuf. Sver Geol Unders Serie C 85:83–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Nathorst AG (1897) Zur mesozoischen Flora Spitzbergens gegründet auf die Sammlungen der schwedischen Expeditionen. Alexander Doweld

  • Nathorst AG (1908) Paläobotanische Mitteilungen 7. Über Palissya, Stachyotaxus und Palaeotaxus. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handl 43:3–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Ôishi S (1931) Mesozoic plants from Kita-Otari, Prov. Shinano, Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Ser. 4, Geology and mineralogy. 1(2): 223–256

  • Ôishi S (1932) The Rhaetic plants from the Nariwa District, Prov. Bitchu (Okayama Prefecture), Japan. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Ser. 4, Geology and mineralogy, 1(3): 257–380

  • Ôishi S, Takahashi E (1936) The Rhaetic plants from Province Nagato. A supplement. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido Imperial University. Ser. 4, Geology and mineralogy. 3(2): 113–133

  • Ôishi S (1940) The Mesozoic floras of Japan. J Fac Sci Hokkaido Imp Univ 5:123–480

    Google Scholar 

  • Popa ME, Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH (2006) Aspects of Romanian early-middle jurassic palaeobotany and palynology. Part VII. successions and floras. Prog Nat Sci 16:203–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Popa ME, Javidan M, Falahatgar M (2012) Klukia Exilis (Philips 1829) Raciborski 1890 Emend. Harris 1961 from Ahan Sar, Shemshak group, Iran. Klukia Exilis. Acta Palaeontol Rom 8(1–2):33–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Potonie R (1933) Über einige Pflanzenreste aus dem Jura Persiens. Arbeit Inst Paläobot Petrogr Brennstein 3:247–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Pott C, McLoughlin S (2009) Bennettitalean foliage in the Rhaetian-Bajocian (latest triassic-middle jurassic) floras of Scania, southern Sweden. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 158(1–2):117–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Pott C, Mcloughlin S (2011) The Rhaetian flora of Rögla, northern Scania. Sweden Palaeontol 54(5):1025–1051

    Google Scholar 

  • Pott C, Mcloughlin S (2014) Divaricate growth habit in Williamsoniaceae (Bennettitales): unravelling the ecology of a key Mesozoic plant group. Palaeobiodivers Palaeoenviron 94:307–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Pott C, Guhl M, Lehmann J (2014) The early cretaceous flora from the wealden facies at Duingen, Germany. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 201:75–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Pott C, Schmeißner S, Dütsch G, Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH (2016) Bennettitales in the Rhaetian flora of Wüstenwelsberg, Bavaria, Germany. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 232:98–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Rees PM, Ziegler AM, Valdes PJ, Huber BT, Macleod KG, Wing SL (2000) Jurassic phytogeography and climates: new data and model comparisons. Warm climates in earth history. Pp 297–318

  • Sadovnikov GN (1976) The Mesozoic flora of Alborz and central Iran and its stratigraphic importance. National Iran steel company of Iran, Tehran, pp 1–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadovnikov GN (1980) Flora of the Elburz's Mesozoiccoal bearing formation. Proceedings of the USSR, Acad Sci. pp 82–96

  • Sadovnikov GN (1991) On some gymnosperms from the late Triassic of North Iran. Paleontol J 4:95–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenk A (1867) Die fossile flora der Grenzschichten des Keupers und Lias Frankens (Vol. 1). CW Kreidel

  • Schenk A (1887) Fossile Pflanzen aus der Albourskette. Bibliotheca Botanica Wiesbaden 6:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer HJ (1977) Die räto-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afganistans. 4. Die raetische zwitterbluete irania hermaphroditica nov. spec. und ihre bedeutung fuer die phylogenie der angiospermen. Pp 98–145

  • Schweitzer HJ (1978) Die räto-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afganistans. 5. Todites princeps, Thaumatopteris brauniana und Phlebopteris polypodioides. Palaeontogr Abt B. 168(1–3): 1–79

  • Schweitzer HJ, Kirchner M (1995) Die Rhäto-Jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans: 8. Ginkgophyta. Palaeontogr Abt B. pp 1–58

  • Schweitzer HJ and Kirchner M (1996) Die rhäto-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans: 9. Coniferophyta. Palaeontogr Abt B. pp 77–139

  • Schweitzer HJ, Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH, Van der Burgh J (1997) The Rhaeto-Jurassic flora of Iran and Afghanistan. 10. Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, Pterophyta-Eusporangiatae and-Protoleptosporangiatae. Palaeontogr Abt B. pp 103–192

  • Schweitzer HJ, Kirchner M (1998) Die rhäto-jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans. 11. Pteridospermophyta und Cycadophyta I. Cycadales. Palaeontogr Abt B. pp 1–85

  • Schweitzer HJ ,Kirchner M, Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH (2000) The Rhaeto-Jurassic flora of Iran and Afghanistan. 12. Cycadophyta II. Nilssoniales. Palaeontogr Abt B. pp 1–63

  • Schweitzer HJ, Kirchner M (2003) Die rhato-Jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans. 13. Cycadophyta III. Bennettitales. (Mit 40 Tafeln, 67 Abbildungen und 3 Tabellen im Text und auf 4 Beilagen). Palaeontogr-Abt Palaophytol B. 264(1–6): 1–166

  • Schweitzer HJ, Schweitzer U, Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH, Van der Burgh J, Ashraf RA(2009) The Rhaeto-Jurassic flora of Iran and Afghanistan. 14. Pterophyta-Leptosporangiatae. Palaeontogr Abt B. pp 1–108

  • Stur D (1886) Vorlage der von Dr. Wähner aus Persien mitgebrachten fossilen Pflanzen. Verh Der K-K Geol Reichsanst 16:431–436

    Google Scholar 

  • Sze HC (1949) Die Mesozoische Flora aus der Hsiangchi Kohlen Serie in Westhupeh. Palaeontol Sinica, New Ser A 2:1–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor EL, Taylor TN, Krings M (2009) Paleobotany: the biology and evolution of fossil plants. Academic Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas HH (1913) One some new and rare Jurassic plants from Yorkshire: eretmophyllum, a new type of ginkgoalean leaf. Proc Cambridge Phill Soc 17(3):256–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Unverfärth J, McLoughlin S, Möllmann M, Bomfleur B (2022) Sphenobaiera insecta from the upper triassic of South Australia, with a clarification of the genus Sphenobaiera (fossil Ginkgophyta) and its delimitation from similar foliage genera. Bot Lett. Pp 1–12

  • Vaez-Javadi F, Ghavidel-Syooki M (2002) Plant megafossil remains from Shemshak formation of Jajarm area, NE Alborz. Iran Palaeobotanist 51(1–3):57–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaez Javadi F (2014) Triassic and jurassic floras and climate of CentralEast Iran: Geological Survey of Iran: Rahi publication, Tehran. P 290

  • Vaez-Javadi F, Allameh M (2015) Biostratigraphy of the Bazehowz formation at its type section, South West Mashhad based on plant macrofossils. Geopersia 5(1):27–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaez-Javadi F, Parvacideh A (2015) Plant macrofossils from Takht coal mine minoodasht and its dating, relative abundance and Sørensen index in comparison with the other florizones in Iran and Eurasia. J Stratigr Sedimentol Res 57(4):59–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaez Javadi F (2018) Middle jurassic flora from the Hojedk formation of Tabas, Central East Iran: biostratigraphy and palaeoclimate implications. Riv Ital Paleontol Stratigr 124(2):299–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaez-Javadi F, Mirzaie-Ataabadi M (2019) Middle jurassic plant macro and microfossils from Shahreza, South West Isfahan Central Iran: palaeoclimate influences. Geopersia 9(1):169–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Vakhrameev VA (1991) Jurassic and cretaceous floras and climates of the Earth. Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH (2002) Ecology of some late Triassic to early cretaceous ferns in Eurasia. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 119(1–2):113–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH (2008) The jurassic fossil plant record of the UK area. Proc Geol Assoc 119(1):59–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH, Pott C, Kustatscher E, Van der Burgh J, Schmeißner S, Dütsch G (2019) A shoot with attached leaves of Desmiophyllum harrisii Barbacka et Pacyna from the Rhaetian of Bavaria. Germany Palz 93(3):531–541

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert JH, Pott C, Schmeißner S, Dütsch G, Kustatscher E (2021) The Rhaetian flora of Wüstenwelsberg, Bavaria, Germany: description of selected gymnosperms (Ginkgoales, Cycadales, Coniferales) together with an ecological assessment of the locally prevailing vegetation. Rev Palaeobot Palynol 228:1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Volynets EB, Sun G, Shorokhova SA, Salyukova EN (2019) Early jurassic flora from South Primorye, far East Russia. Palaeoworld 29(3):590–605

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson J, Lydon SJ, Harrison NA (2001) A revision of the English Wealden Flora, III: Czekanowskiales, Ginkgoales and allied Coniferales. Bull-Nat Hist Mus Geol Ser 57(1):29–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeiller R (1905) Sur les plantes Rhétiennes de la Perse. Bull Soc Géol France 4(5):190–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang W, Zheng SL (1987) Early Mesozoic fossil plants in western Liaoning, northeast China. Mesoz Stratigr Palaeontol West Liaoning 3:239–268

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou ZY (2009) An overview of fossil Ginkgoales. Palaeoworld 18(1):1–22

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors have not disclosed any funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Kamyar Kamran, Mehran Arian & Ali Solgi

  2. Department of Petroleum, Mining and Materials Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Masoomeh Sohrabi Mollayousefi

  3. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

    Majid Mirzaie-Ataabadi

Authors
  1. Seyed Kamyar Kamran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Masoomeh Sohrabi Mollayousefi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mehran Arian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Majid Mirzaie-Ataabadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ali Solgi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masoomeh Sohrabi Mollayousefi.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of Interests

The authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript, and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kamran, S.K., Sohrabi Mollayousefi, M., Arian, M. et al. Gymnosperm Foliage from the Lower Jurassic of Jirande Area, Western Alborz Mountain, North Iran. Iran J Sci 47, 801–810 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-023-01440-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-023-01440-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation