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Prioritization of prospective third-generation biofuel diatom strains

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Abstract

Energy has been playing a pivotal role in the progress and prosperity of a nation. Growing demands with dwindling stock of fossil fuels with the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint and the consequent changes in the climate during the post-industrialization era have necessitated the exploration for sustainable energy alternatives. Biofuels are gaining importance as viable alternatives to fossil fuels during the last decade. Microalgae, especially diatoms, have shown prospects to be viable third-generation biofuel feedstocks, due to its higher lipid productivity, shorter cycling time and ubiquitous presence. This investigation focuses on identifying robust diatom strains that can sustain the vagaries of nature and yield higher lipid. This would avert the imminent risks of contamination associated with pure cultures and higher costs. The current research involved inventorying diatom consortia across diverse lentic and lotic habitats of the Aghanashini estuary with varied levels of nutrients primarily influenced by distribution of flora and fauna to understand the role of environmental parameters and nutrient levels in species composition, community structure. This effort is an essential prelude to phyco-prospecting potential candidates for third-generation biofuel production. The results obtained from the present study provide insights into an optimal habitat conditions, more specifically ideal nutrient concentrations for enhanced growth of different clusters of diatoms, a determining factor for higher biomass and lipid productivity. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed an occurrence of 27 tolerant diatoms species belonging to genera’s Amphora, Cyclotella, Navicula, Nitzschia and Pleurosigma. Linkages of the dominant and productive clusters of diatoms with habitat nutrient concentrations were investigated through agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Probable empirical relationship among varying environmental conditions and corresponding lipid content of diatoms were explored through regression analyses. Investigations of species tolerant to higher nutrient loads and assessment of lipid aided in prioritizing the strains with benefits of phyco-remediation as well as prospects of biofuel.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to (1) Gajanana and Madhavi Hegde endowment for biofuel research for the financial support and (2) the NRDMS Division, The Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India; (3) Indian Institute of Science for the infrastructure support.

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  1. Energy and Wetland Research Group, CES TE 15, Centre for Ecological Sciences, New Bioscience Building, Third Floor, E-Wing [Near D-Gate], Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India

    G. Saranya, M. D. Subashchandran, Praksah Mesta & T. V. Ramachandra

  2. Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India

    G. Saranya & T. V. Ramachandra

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Appendix

Appendix

AB:

Achnanthes brevipes

AOB:

Achnanthes oblongella

ACS:

Achnanthes sp.

AA:

Amphiprora alata

AMPL:

Amphipleura pellucida

AA:

Amphiprora alata

AP1:

Amphiprora paludosa

ACF:

Amphora coffeaeformis

ACYM:

Amphora cymbifera

AO1:

Amphora ovalis

APR:

Amphora proteus

ASL:

Amphora salina

AMP:

Amphora sp.

BP:

Bacillaria paradoxa

BC:

Bacteriastum cosmosum

CHT:

Chaetoceros sp.

CPL:

Cocconeis pelta

CEX:

Coscinodiscus excentricus

CR:

Coscinodiscus radiatus

CS:

Coscinodiscus subtilis

CM:

Cyclotella meneghiniana

CO:

Cyclotella operculata

CYSO:

Cymatopleura solea

CCYM:

Cymbella cymbiformis

CYM:

Cymbella sp

DO:

Diploneis ovalis

DS:

Diploneis smithi

EAR:

Epithema argus

EG:

Epithema gibberula

EPC:

Eunotia pectinalis

EUN:

Eunotia sp.

FAS:

Frustulia asiatica

GG:

Gomphonema gracile

GE:

Gyrosigma eximum

GM:

Gyrosigma macrum

GO:

Gyrosigma obscurum

LT:

Licomophora tincta

ML:

Mastogloia lanceolata

MJ:

Melosira jurgensii

MLI:

Melosira lineatus

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Saranya, G., Subashchandran, M.D., Mesta, P. et al. Prioritization of prospective third-generation biofuel diatom strains. Energ. Ecol. Environ. 3, 338–354 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-018-0105-z

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