Abstract
In this text we compare the internal energy concept usually given in thermodynamics and physical chemistry textbooks with that from continuum mechanics. We review some continuum mechanics local balance equations. Next, we define internal and rigid energies for systems of particles. By comparing the internal energy balance for the systems of particles to that of continuum mechanics, we confirm that the work included in the usual presentation of the first law is related to motions that conserve both linear and angular momenta. We also confirm the existence of an internal energy conservation law.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atkins P, De Paula J (2009) Physical Chemistry, 9th edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford
DeVoe H (2001) Thermodynamics and Chemistry. Prentice Hall, Hoboken
Gurtin ME et al (2010) The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Continua. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Dittman RH, Zemansky MW (1997) Heat and Thermodynamics, 7th edition. McGraw-Hill, New York
Irgens F (2008) Continuum Mechanics. Springer, Berlin
Liu IS (2011) Continuum Mechanics. Springer, Berlin
Mannaerts SH (2014) Extensive quantities in thermodynamics. Eur J Phys 35(3):035017
Maugin AG (2014) Continuum mechanics through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, historical perspectives from John Bernoulli (1727) to Ernst Hellinger (1914). Springer, Berlin
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel-CAPES-Grant 001-PROEX/0076040.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Agostin, M.C., Bassi, A.B.M.S. Internal energy balances for continuous bodies and systems of particles. ChemTexts 8, 7 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-021-00155-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-021-00155-w