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Modeling and assessing the variation of land surface temperature as determinants to normalized difference vegetation index and land cover changes in Nigerian cities

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Abstract

Increasing rates of urban population and infrastructural development have affected urban vegetation cover which increases the land surface temperature of the urban metropolitan cities. These anthropogenic activities reduce the functions of urban forest ecosystem services and thereby exposing the urban population to harsh environmental conditions. This study demonstrates 30 year influence of temporal variations of land surface temperature on vegetation cover and other land cover, using satellite data from two selected cities in Nigeria. The Landsat 4–5 (TM), Landsat 7 (ETM +) and Landsat 8 (OLI & TIRS) and the thermal band were used for calculating the (LST) and land cover of 1990, 2005 and 2020. The spatial distributions of changes detected in the period of the study were analyzed using ArcGIS 10.2.1. The near-infrared (NIR) and red band (bands 5 and 4, respectively) were used for estimating the vegetation cover changes. The vegetation cover decreased from 1990 to 2020 in Yenagoa, while it increased from 1990 to 2020 in Calabar. The results present the strongest correlation between LST and the land use/land cover changes in Calabar and Yenagoa. Data analysis shows that urbanization has brought about an increase in LST due to a decrease in the forest cover to impervious surfaces. The land use/land cover (LULC) analysis revealed the changes detected in the study period. Therefore, it was concluded that the availability and continuous usage of remote sensing data are essential for continuous monitoring of land surface temperature, land use/land cover changes and map** of the vegetation cover.

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  1. Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

    Aladesanmi Daniel Agbelade, Titilayo Celinah Akinyemi & Gboyega Emmanuel Ojerinde

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  1. Aladesanmi Daniel Agbelade
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  2. Titilayo Celinah Akinyemi
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ADA: Research design and conceptualization, manuscript writing, review and editing, manuscript approval. CAA: Methodology, field work, data cleaning, manuscript approval. GEO: Methodology, field work, data cleaning, data analysis, manuscript approval.

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Agbelade, A.D., Akinyemi, T.C. & Ojerinde, G.E. Modeling and assessing the variation of land surface temperature as determinants to normalized difference vegetation index and land cover changes in Nigerian cities. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 9, 4169–4181 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-023-01739-w

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