Abstract
Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) is an Amazonian native species with great economic importance and wide natural distribution, being the most commonly used tree in Brazilian silviculture. Imbalance zinc (Zn) application causes negative impacts on photochemical efficiency, gas exchange, antioxidant responses, nutritional status and growth. However, there are still no studies focused on Zn fertilization and better dose response in young S. parahyba plants available in the literature. The aim of this research was to understand how zinc (Zn) supply modulates biomass accumulation, nutritional status, chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments and stress indicators in young S. parahyba plants. The experiment was randomized into five treatments (0.2, 2, 500, 1000, and 2,000 μM Zn). The highest biomass accumulation was observed in plants treated with 500 μM Zn. Leaf dry matter (LDM), root dry matter (RDM) and stem diameter (SD) were 70%, 67% and 28% lower in plants under Zn deficiency (0.2 µM), as compared with the 500 μM Zn treatment, respectively. Plants exposed to Zn excess (2,000 µM) exhibited minor values in LDM (32%), RDM (48%) and SD (25%), in comparison with better treatment (500 μM Zn). Light absorption and gas exchange suffered deleterious effects under limited Zn supply (0.2 μM), being confirmed by the lower effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (17%), electron transport rate (14%) and net photosynthetic rate (54%), comparing with 500 μM Zn. Stress indicators (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) were increased after Zn stress and low concentrations of nutrients and chlorophylls were detected in plants exposed to deficiency or excess of Zn. This is the first study measuring chlorophyll a fluorescence in S. parahyba plants, in which it demonstrated that 500 μM Zn was the better dose response, inducing increases in biomass and stimulating the photosynthetic machinery.
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Abbreviations
- Ca:
-
Calcium
- CAR:
-
Carotenoids
- Chl a :
-
Chlorophyll a
- Chl b :
-
Chlorophyll b
- C i :
-
Intercellular CO2 concentration
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- Cu:
-
Copper
- E :
-
Transpiration rate
- EL:
-
Electrolyte leakage
- ETR:
-
Electron transport rate
- ETR/P N :
-
Ratio between the apparent electron transport rate and net photosynthetic rate
- EXC:
-
Relative energy excess at the PSII level
- F0 :
-
Minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state
- Fe:
-
Iron
- Fm :
-
Maximal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state
- Fv :
-
Variable fluorescence
- Fv/Fm :
-
Maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry
- g s :
-
Stomatal conductance
- H:
-
Height
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- LDM:
-
Leaf dry matter
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- Mg:
-
Magnesium
- Mn:
-
Manganese
- NPQ:
-
Nonphotochemical quenching
- O2 − :
-
Superoxide
- P:
-
Phosphorus
- P N :
-
Net photosynthetic rate
- P N/C i :
-
Instantaneous carboxylation efficiency
- PSII:
-
Photosystem II
- qP :
-
Photochemical quenching coefficient
- RDM:
-
Root dry matter
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RuBisCo:
-
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
- SD:
-
Stem diameter
- SDM:
-
Stem dry matter
- TDM:
-
Total dry matter
- Total Chl:
-
Total chlorophyll
- WUE:
-
Water-use efficiency
- Zn:
-
Zinc
- ΦPSII :
-
Effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry
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Acknowledgements
This research had financial supports from Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas (FAPESPA/Brazil), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/Brazil) and Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA/Brazil) to AKS Lobato, while EMPJ was supported by scholarship from Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET/Brazil).
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EMSGL and AKSL were the advisors of this project, planning all phases of the research and critically revised the manuscript. DMC, BCS, EMPJ and LRS conducted the experiment and performed physiological, biochemical and morphological determinations, as well as wrote and edited the manuscript. BLB performed nutritional determinations and helped interpreting the results. EMSGL and AKSL critically revised and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved final version of manuscript.
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Callegari, D.M., Silva, B.C., dos Santos, L.R. et al. Physiological, biochemical and nutritional aspects in Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) plants under different zinc supplies. Braz. J. Bot 45, 845–855 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-022-00812-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-022-00812-5