Abstract
The Serra Arqueada, in the municipalities of Ourilândia do Norte and São Félix do **ngu, in southeastern Pará state, Brazil, has an extension of c. 50 km and reaches altitudes between 450 and 689 m above sea level. This range harbours outcrops of campo rupestre on canga, an iron-rich substrate, which were not studied in the Flora of the canga of the Serra de Carajás (FCC) project. We present here the first botanical survey of this site, with the main objective to document its plant diversity. We also aim to improve our knowledge of species distribution, biogeographical relationships and conservation of the canga within the Carajás Mineral Province. Our results indicate the occurrence of 153 angiosperm species representing 53 families. This study also reveals the occurrence of two species previously not reported for Pará: Scaphyglottis livida (Orchidaceae) and Rhynchospora exilis (Cyperaceae). We compare the floristic composition of canga areas from Serra Arqueada with similar sites from the Serra dos Carajás and find Serra Arqueada safeguards at least eight edaphic endemic species from the canga of the FCC region. Moreover, there is a high number of microhabitats in the area, which is probably related to the relative distinct and diverse flora. These data highlight the importance of conversation in the area, safeguarding these species and microhabitats. We conclude Serra Arqueada represents an appropriate site for conservation purposes.
Resumo
A Serra Arqueada, situada em Ourilândia do Norte e São Félix do **ngu, no sudeste do Pará, Brasil, possui uma extensão de c. 50 km e altitudes entre 450 e 689 m acima do nível do mar. Esta serra apresenta, nas suas porções mais altas, áreas de campo rupestre sobre canga, que não foram incluídas no projeto Flora das cangas das Serras dos Carajás (FCC). Apresentamos a primeira lista de angiospermas destes afloramentos, com o principal objetivo de documentar sua diversidade vegetal. Além disso, também almejamos ampliar o conhecimento sobre a distribuição, relações biogeográficas e conservação das cangas na Província Mineral de Carajás. Os resultados indicam a ocorrência 153 espécies de angiospermas representando 53 famílias. O estudo também revela a ocorrência de duas espécies anteriormente não reportadas para o Pará: Scaphyglottis livida (Orchidaceae) and Rhynchospora exilis (Cyperaceae). A composição florística das áreas de canga da Serra Arqueada foi comparada com afloramentos similares da Serra dos Carajás e encontramos a presença de, pelo menos, oito espécies edáficas endêmicas da região da FCC. Além disso, há um grande número de microhabitats na área, o que possivelmente está relacionado com a flora relativamente distinta de Serra Arqueada. Esses dados ressaltam a importância da conservação da área visando proteger essas espécies e microhabitats. Concluímos, assim, que Serra Arqueada, representa uma área apropriada para fins conservacionistas.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) and Instituto Tecnológico Vale (ITV) for essential infrastructure and supporting this project. We also thank the financial support provided by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES—Processo 88887.199499/2018-00), Fundação de Amparo e Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa (Fadesp) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Grant No. 305301/2018-7). We thank the fundamental help provided by the plant specialists Fernanda Fraga, Géssica Fernandes, Layla Schneider, Lúcia G. Lohmann and Ludovic Kollman. We also thank our colleagues Alice Hiura for technical suppport and insights and Rafael Gomes for hel** with maps.
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PLV, DCZ and ESL conceived the project. CM, PLV, TLFS and DCZ, conducted fieldwork. TLFS, JL, DCZ and PLV identified botanical material. MFM and JL made the statistical analysis and interpreted the data. TLFS, JL, DCZ, MFM, ESL and PLV worked on the manuscript.
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40415_2020_608_MOESM1_ESM.csv
Presence/absence matrix with species from Serra Arqueada and Flora of the canga of the Serra dos Carajás project (FCC) (CSV 43 kb)
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da Fonseca-da-Silva, T.L., Lovo, J., Zappi, D.C. et al. Plant species on Amazonian canga habitats of Serra Arqueada: the contribution of an isolated outcrop to the floristic knowledge of the Carajás region, Pará, Brazil. Braz. J. Bot 43, 315–330 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00608-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00608-5