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Dietary Patterns, Nutrition Knowledge, Lifestyle, and Health-Related Quality of Life: Associations with Anti-Hypertension Medication Adherence in a Sample of Australian Adults

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Abstract

Introduction

Poor anti-hypertension medication (AHT) adherence can increase disease costs and adverse outcomes. Hypertensive individuals who have a better nutrition knowledge may lead a healthier lifestyle, have a better health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and greater confidence to change behaviour. On this basis, they may have better treatment adherence.

Aim

To explore the association between the above-mentioned variables and AHT adherence in a group of Australian adults with high blood pressure (BP) in a cross-sectional clinical and community-based study.

Methods

Adults with high BP (n = 270) completed a questionnaire including: food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), nutrition knowledge, HRQoL, self-efficacy of diet and exercise, lifestyle and AHT adherence sections. Bivariate analysis and hierarchical logistic regression were used to explore the data.

Results

Three dietary patterns were identified from the FFQ, using factor and cluster analyses (Western, Snack and Alcohol, and Balanced). We observed that following a Western dietary pattern, having lower exercise self-efficacy and shorter sleep duration were more dominant in the poor AHT adherence individuals compared to their counterparts. A positive association was observed between self-efficacy and sleep duration with AHT adherence. A Western dietary pattern was prevalent in high BP participants which slightly reduced the likelihood of good adherence.

Conclusion

A healthier dietary pattern, better exercise self-efficacy and adequate sleep (more than six hours a night) may increase the likelihood of AHT adherence in individuals with high BP. Interventions focusing on improving these variables are required to confirm the findings of this study.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the valuable support of the Gold Coast City Council, Gold Coast University Hospital, Griffith University, and all individuals who assisted with data collection, and participated in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia

    Saman Khalesi

  2. Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia

    Christopher Irwin

  3. Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia

    **g Sun

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  1. Saman Khalesi
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Correspondence to Saman Khalesi.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Griffith University and the Gold Coast Human Research Ethics Committee) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Khalesi, S., Irwin, C. & Sun, J. Dietary Patterns, Nutrition Knowledge, Lifestyle, and Health-Related Quality of Life: Associations with Anti-Hypertension Medication Adherence in a Sample of Australian Adults. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 24, 453–462 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-017-0229-9

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