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Application of biological monitoring for exposure assessment of 1.3 Butadiene

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Abstract

Background

1, 3-Butadiene is an important industrial compound. Based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animals and humans, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, in 1999, classified 1, 3-Butadiene as a probable carcinogen to humans (group 2A). The potential for exposure to vehicle exhaust containing these chemical compounds is very noticeable in urban locations. Exposure to incomplete combustion of gasoline has been a long time concern in many occupational fields, including policemen, service stations, and the petroleum industry but in Iran has rarely been studied.

Methods

This study designed to determine the exposure levels for traffic policemen and gas station workers during routine work shift, by biological monitoring. With this aim, 25 policemen engaged in traffic control, 25 gas station workers and 25 occupationally non-exposed persons were investigated. Spot urine samples were obtained prior to and at the end of the work shift from each subject. The urinary levels of selected urinary metabolites (MHBMA and DHBMA) were determined by using LC–MS/MS.

Results

There were significant differences among the mean urinary concentrations of DHBMA in pre-shift samples of policemen, gas station workers and occupationally non-exposed persons. The mean urinary concentrations of DHBMA differed significantly among post-shift samples of policemen and gas station (ANOVA: p < 0.05 and Kruskal-Wallis test: p < 0.05).

Conclusions

There was a significant difference in DHBMA concentrations between job categories (p < 0.05 by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test), and policemen and gas station workers were found to be probably the most exposed groups in this study.

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Abbreviations

IARC:

International Agency for Research on Cancer

MHBMA:

Monohydroxybutenyl-mercapturic acid

DHBMA:

Dihydroxy-butyl-mercapturic acid

SPE:

Solid phase extraction

TWA:

Time weight average

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by National Institute for Medical Research Development (Grant No. 965455) and Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF) under Grant 96010139. Hereby, the cooperation of the University and also the Institute for Environmental Research (IER) is highly appreciated.

Funding

This study was supported by National Institute for Medical Research Development (Grant No. 965455) and Iranian National Science Foundation (INSF) under Grant 96010139. Hereby, the cooperation of the University and also the Institute for Environmental Research (IER) is highly appreciated.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Reza Ahmadkhaniha

  2. Environmental and Occupational Health Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

    Mahboobeh Ghoochani

  3. Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417993359, Iran

    Noushin Rastkari

  4. Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Noushin Rastkari

Authors
  1. Reza Ahmadkhaniha
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  2. Mahboobeh Ghoochani
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  3. Noushin Rastkari
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Contributions

RA and NR participated in the design of the study. RA did the analyses and MGH interpreted the analyzed results. NR was the main investigator, supervised the work, drafted and revised the paper critically for important intellectual content and compiled the work in accordance to journal format. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Noushin Rastkari.

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The research protocol was approved by Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1396.2335).

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Ahmadkhaniha, R., Ghoochani, M. & Rastkari, N. Application of biological monitoring for exposure assessment of 1.3 Butadiene. J Environ Health Sci Engineer 18, 1265–1269 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00544-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00544-2

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