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Compatibility and miscibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 blends with and without Joncryl® compatibilizer: a comprehensive study of mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties

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Abstract

This innovative study explores the enhanced compatibility and miscibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide 11 (RPET/PA-11), particularly when modified with Joncryl®, a compatibilizer. This investigation marks the first venture into the detailed thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of the blends. Remarkably, the addition of 20% (by weight) PA-11 to RPET significantly boosts tensile strength from 18.5 ± 2.64 to 32.20 ± 4.95 MPa, flexural strength from 27.90 ± 3.17 to 46.75 ± 0.78 MPa, and impact strength from 110.53 to 147.12 J/m. Furthermore, introducing 2 phr Joncryl® further fortifies these strengths to 46.24 ± 0.87 MPa, 63.12 ± 4.75 MPa, and 667.68 ± 130.74 J/m, respectively. The study revealed a rise in the storage modulus of RPET from 1128 to 1298.5 MPa with 20% (by weight) of PA-11. Compatibility and miscibility assessments through Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) validate the blend's uniformity. DSC reveals that the melting temperatures for RPET/PA-11 blends with varying PA-11 concentrations closely match the melting temperature of pure RPET, signifying stable thermal properties. DSC results confirmed that the Tm1 temperature for cold crystallization drops with the addition of Joncryl® content, suggesting improved interaction and miscibility between RPET and PA-11. TGA results disclosed that Joncryl® compatibilizer, especially at 2 phr, boosts the thermal stability of RPET/PA-11 blends by improving miscibility. The 2 phr Joncryl® blend was identified as the most robust in properties. This ground-breaking research highlights the potential of RPET in automotive and future advancements in polymer science.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) (FRGS/1/2019/TK05/UTM/02/17) and Zahid Iqbal Khan, postdoctoral fellow of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme for the Project "Novel recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 blends filled with nanofillers" Q.J130000.21A2.06E98 (06E98).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Unsia Habib, Zahid Iqbal Khan & Zurina Binti Mohamad

  2. Chemical Dept, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Unsia Habib

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  1. Unsia Habib
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  2. Zahid Iqbal Khan
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  3. Zurina Binti Mohamad
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Correspondence to Zahid Iqbal Khan or Zurina Binti Mohamad.

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Habib, U., Khan, Z.I. & Mohamad, Z.B. Compatibility and miscibility of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 blends with and without Joncryl® compatibilizer: a comprehensive study of mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties. Iran Polym J (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-024-01357-y

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