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Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Osteoarthritis—An Updated Review

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), also called the ‘deadly quartet’ comprising obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, has been ascertained to have a causal role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). This review is aimed at discussing the current knowledge on the contribution of metabolic syndrome and its various components to OA pathogenesis and progression.

Recent Findings

Lately, an increased association identified between the various components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) with OA has led to the identification of the ‘metabolic phenotype’ of OA. These metabolic perturbations alongside low-grade systemic inflammation have been identified to inflict detrimental effects upon multiple tissues of the joint including cartilage, bone, and synovium leading to complete joint failure in OA. Recent epidemiological and clinical findings affirm that adipokines significantly contribute to inflammation, tissue degradation, and OA pathogenesis mediated through multiple signaling pathways. OA is no longer perceived as just a ‘wear and tear’ disease and the involvement of the metabolic components in OA pathogenesis adds up to the complexity of the disease.

Summary

Given the global surge in obesity and its allied metabolic perturbations, this review aims to throw light on the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of MetS-associated OA and the need to address MetS in the context of metabolic OA management. Better regulation of the constituent factors of MetS could be profitable in preventing MetS-associated OA. The identification of key roles for several metabolic regulators in OA pathogenesis has also opened up newer avenues in the recognition and development of novel therapeutic agents.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, New Delhi for financial support to Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath through the DHR – Young Scientist Research Fellowship (DHR – YSS Grant No. YSS/2020/000185/PRCYSS).

Funding

Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,New Delhi,India,YSS/2020/000185/PRCYSS,Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath

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  1. Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath

    Present address: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science & Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Regen Orthosport, Movva Healthcare LLP, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500033, India

    Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan

  2. Molecular Biology Division, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India

    Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath & Sudip Ghosh

  3. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi

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  1. Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath
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  2. Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan
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  3. Sudip Ghosh
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  4. Nagasuryaprasad Kotikalapudi
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Contributions

SJPS completed the review; KN, SG, and VV reviewed the content and approach of the manuscript, and critically evaluated the review.

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Correspondence to Samuel Joshua Pragasam Sampath.

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Sampath, S.J.P., Venkatesan, V., Ghosh, S. et al. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Osteoarthritis—An Updated Review. Curr Obes Rep 12, 308–331 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-023-00520-5

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