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The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporters type 2 inhibitors on glycemic and extraglycemic laboratory parameters

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Abstract

Background

An ideal glucose-lowering drug is expected to not only improve glycemic control, but also have positive effects on weight, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and also cardiovascular and renal outcomes.

Objective

To investigate and compare the impact of Sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on glycemic and extraglycemic laboratory parameters and the parameters which affect this impact.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted between January 2022 and December 2022. A total of 250 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using SGLT2i were included in the study.

Results

Patients had a mean age of 55.4 ± 9.6, and 53.6% (n = 134) were male. Among the patients, 19.6% (n = 49) used dapagliflozin and 80.4% (n = 201) used empagliflozin. Glucose, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels at 3 and 6 months showed significant reductions compared to baseline, while serum sodium and HDL-C levels showed significant increases (p < 0.001). Additionally, creatinine and serum potassium levels at 6 months were significantly higher than baseline, while LDL-C and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels were significantly lower. Empagliflozin users exhibited significantly higher creatinine levels only at 3. months, higher serum sodium levels only at 6. months, and lower HbA1c levels only at 6. months compared to dapagliflozin users.

Conclusion

While SGLT2i seem to provide positive effects on the lipid profile, as well as their well-recognized effects on glycemic parameters, there may be value in further evaluating renal safety and the long-term alterations in lipid profile.

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Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Diseases, University of Health Sciences Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Zuhuratbaba, Dr. Tevfik Saglam Cd No:11, 34147, Bakirkoy/Istanbul, Turkey

    Deniz Yilmaz & Fatma Akyol

  2. Department of Rheumatology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ezgi Sahin

  3. Department of Family Medicine, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Bahar Guler Filiz

  4. Sakarya Karasu Community Health Center, Sakarya, Turkey

    Elif Ezirmik

Authors
  1. Deniz Yilmaz
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  2. Ezgi Sahin
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  3. Fatma Akyol
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  4. Bahar Guler Filiz
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  5. Elif Ezirmik
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Ezgi Sahin; Methodology: Ezgi Sahin; Formal analysis and investigation: Elif Ezirmik, Fatma Akyol, Bahar Guler Filiz; Writing—original draft preparation: Deniz Yilmaz; Writing—review and editing: Deniz Yilmaz; Funding acquisition: Deniz Yilmaz; Resources: Ezgi Sahin; Supervision: Deniz Yılmaz.

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Correspondence to Deniz Yilmaz.

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Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital (Decision date: 21.02.2022, decision no: 2022–04-14).

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Yilmaz, D., Sahin, E., Akyol, F. et al. The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporters type 2 inhibitors on glycemic and extraglycemic laboratory parameters. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-023-01307-z

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