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Ultrasonic assisted extraction of oil from argan seeds using ionic liquids as novel co-solvent

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Abstract

In this study, the extraction of oil from argan seeds using ultrasonic assisted extraction was investigated using n-decane as the extraction solvent and ionic liquids as the novel co-solvents. The extraction process was assessed based on the mass ratio of solvent to seed and extraction time, alongside the exploration of different ionic liquids as co-solvents. The results showed that in the absence of ionic liquid, the optimum oil yield of 35.2% was achieved at mass ratio of solvent to seed of 6:1 at 60 °C and 30 min. The extraction process adhered to pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a rate constant of 0.0127%−1 min−1. When ionic liquid 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C3mim][NTf2]) was utilized as a co-solvent alongside n-decane, the oil yield showed an improvement ranging from 0.4 to 4.0%, even when the mass of n-decane used remained similar. However, ionic liquid alone cannot serve as a substitute for n-decane as the extraction solvent. The experimental results were also compared with COSMO-RS analysis. The study demonstrates that ionic liquids can slightly enhance the oil yield by working synergistically with n-decane to improve the dissolution of lignocelluloses present on the seeds. This, in turn, facilitates better penetration of solvent into the seed matrix and enhancing the oil extraction.

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Funding

This work is funded by the Researcher’s Supporting Project Number (RSP2024R511), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Adeeb Hayyan, Khalid M. Abed, Chen Wai Keat, Hanee F. Hizaddin, Mohd Ali Hashim & Sharifah Shahira Syed Putra

  2. Sustainable Process Engineering Centre (SPEC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Adeeb Hayyan & Hanee F. Hizaddin

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

    Khalid M. Abed

  4. Renewable Energy Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Muscat University, P.O. Box 550 P.C. 130, Muscat, Oman

    Maan Hayyan

  5. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. Zulhaziman M. Salleh

  6. Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Yee-Sern Ng

  7. Centre for Advanced and Sustainable Materials Research (CASMR), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Yee-Sern Ng

  8. Halal Research Group, Academy of Islamic Studies, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor

  9. College of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Yousef Mohammed Alanazi & Jehad Saleh

  10. Water Academy, Institute of Infrastructure and Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Campus, Scotland, EH14 4AS, UK

    Bhaskar Sen Gupta

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  1. Adeeb Hayyan
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Contributions

Adeeb Hayyan: conceptualization, supervision, and writing—original draft; Khalid M. Abed: writing—review and editing; Maan Hayyan: writing—review and editing; M. Zulhaziman M. Salleh: data curation and writing—review and editing; Chen Wai Keat: investigation and writing—original draft; Yee-Sern Ng: writing—review and editing; Hanee F. Hizaddin: software; Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor: resources and data curation; Mohd Ali Hashim: data curation; Yousef M. Alanazi: funding acquisition and writing—review and editing; Jehad Saleh: funding acquisition and writing—review and editing; Bhashar Sen Gupta: writing—review and editing; Sharifah Shahira Syed Putra: writing—review and editing.

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Hayyan, A., Abed, K.M., Hayyan, M. et al. Ultrasonic assisted extraction of oil from argan seeds using ionic liquids as novel co-solvent. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-024-05847-0

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