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Adsorption removal of phenol by oak wood charcoal activated carbon

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Abstract

Despite its widespread use in many industrial applications, phenol is a hazardous pollutant that needs proper treatment before its discharge into the environment. Herein, a new activated carbon (AC) from Atlas oak wood was reported as adsorbent for phenol removal from aqueous solutions. The charcoal was activated with different acidic and basic solutions and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements to determine the structural and textural properties of the solids. The iodine number test and the pH at zero charge point were also determined and discussed. Its iodine number test and pH at zero charge point were also determined and discussed. Then, the phenol adsorption capacity of prepared activated carbons was evaluated under several operating conditions. The H3PO4-activated carbon had the highest adsorption capacity, which outperformed that of a commercially activated carbon. Optimum results were achieved at 2 h equilibrium time, a mass of adsorbent of 100 mg, and an initial concentration of 10−2 mol/L at a pH = 4. The phenol elimination using acid-treated carbons gave extraction yields up to 98.77%, higher than that of the commercially activated carbon (91.48%) and base-treated carbons that showed unfavorable adsorption. An adsorbed quantity of the phenol of the order with a yield of 99% for the carbon was activated by H3PO4. The adsorption of phenol on activated carbon followed the second-order rate equation and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. However, it should be noted that the adsorbed amount by activated carbon using H3PO4 (Qm = 250 mg/g) exceeds that adsorbed by commercial carbon (Qm = 200 mg/g). Outcomes of this work can open a gate for the development of efficient natural-based adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from wastewater.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (H.L.) upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University for supporting this work by Grant Code: 20- SCI-1-01-0006. This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2018R1A5A1025137).

Funding

Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University, Grant Code: 20- SCI-1–01-0006. National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2018R1A5A1025137).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco

    Youness Dehmani & Sadik Abouarnadasse

  2. Institut National Des Sciences de L’Archéologie Et du Patrimoine (INSAP), BP 6828, Madinat Al Irfane, Avenue Allal El Fassi, Angle rues 5 et 7, Rabat-Instituts, Morocco

    Taibi Lamhasni

  3. Laboratory of Materials, Membranes and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Zitoune, PB 11201, Meknes, Morocco

    Abdelkrim Mohsine

  4. Research Team in Atomic Ion and Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Zitoune, PB 11201, Meknes, Morocco

    Youssef Tahri

  5. Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea

    Han-seung Lee

  6. Innovative Durable Building and Infrastructure Research Center, Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea

    Hassane Lgaz

  7. Chemistry Department, Al-Qunfudah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia

    Awad A. Alrashdi

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  1. Youness Dehmani
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Contributions

YD, TL, and AM, formal analysis, visualization, data curation, writing-original draft preparation. YT, HL, and AAA, investigation, resources, project administration, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing. H-SL and SA, conceptualization, methodology, validation, supervision.

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Correspondence to Han-seung Lee, Hassane Lgaz or Awad A. Alrashdi.

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Dehmani, Y., Lamhasni, T., Mohsine, A. et al. Adsorption removal of phenol by oak wood charcoal activated carbon. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 8015–8027 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03036-5

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