Abstract
The evacuation of highly colored effluents in the ecosystem by textile industries generates extreme depredation to the environment and all living creatures. Sorption is preferred because of the wideness of biomass, and cost-efficient, minimized sludge in proportion to conventional treatment methods. A factorial experimental design and ANOVA techniques were utilized to examine the sorption of reactive Pr Red Hegxl dye by Daphne seed–based sorbents, and to optimize the operating conditions. The effects of main variables and their interaction effects on dye removal efficiency (%) were determined; pH was designated as significant at 95% confidence level for all types of sorbents. The maximum removal efficiencies (%) of Daphne seed and char were obtained as 70.8% and 83.2% when pH = 2, sorbent dosage = 0.4 g/50 mL, initial concentration = 50 mg/L, and temperature = 40 °C, respectively. 90.2% and 85.4% removal efficiencies were also attained for KOH- and K2CO3-activated carbons, respectively. Besides, artificial neural network models based on several back-propagation training algorithms and transfer functions were used to predict removal efficiency (%). The findings demonstrated that the proposed models had reasonable capabilities of predicting the removal efficiency (%). Daphne seed and carbonaceous products could be effectively used for the dye removal from aqueous solutions as affordable and abundant sorbent materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Elfarash A, Mawad AM, Yousef NM, Shoreit AA (2017) Azoreductase kinetics and gene expression in the synthetic dyes-degrading Pseudomonas. Egyptian J Basic Appl Sci 4(4):315–322
Pengthamkeerati P, Satapanajaru T, Singchan O (2008) Sorption of reactive dye from aqueous solution on biomass fly ash. J Hazard Mater 153(3):1149–1156
Sathishkumar P, Arulkumar M, Palvannan T (2012) Utilization of agro-industrial waste Jatropha curcas pods as an activated carbon for the adsorption of reactive dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR). J Clean Prod 22(1):67–75
Ahmad MA, Rahman NK (2011) Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic of Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R dye adsorption on coffee husk-based activated carbon. Chem Eng J 170:154–161
Al-Degs YS, El-Barghouthi MI, El-Sheikh AH, Walker GM (2008) Effect of solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature on adsorption behavior of reactive dyes on activated carbon. Dyes Pigments 77(1):16–23
Geethakarthi A, Phanikumar BR (2011) Adsorption of reactive dyes from aqueous solutions by tannery sludge developed activated carbon: kinetic and equilibrium studies. Int J Environ Sci Technol 8(3):561–570
Garg VK, Gupta R, Yadav AB, Kumar R (2003) Dye removal from aqueous solution by adsorption on treated sawdust. Bioresour Technol 89(2):121–124
Elkady MF, Ibrahim AM, Abd El-Latif MM (2011) Assessment of the adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic for the potential removal of reactive red dye using eggshell biocomposite beads. Desalination 278:412–423
Namasivayam C, Kavitha D (2002) Removal of Congo Red from water by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from coir pith, an agricultural solid waste. Dyes Pigments 54(1):47–58
Van HT, Nguyen TMP, Thao VT, Vu XH, Nguyen TV, Nguyen LH (2018) Applying activated carbon derived from coconut shell loaded by silver nanoparticles to remove methylene blue in aqueous solution. Water Air Soil Pollut 229(12):393
Daneshvar E, Vazirzadeh A, Niazi A, Kousha M, Naushad M, Bhatnagar A (2017) Desorption of Methylene blue dye from brown macroalga: effects of operating parameters, isotherm study and kinetic modeling. J Clean Prod 152:443–453
Jóźwiak T, Filipkowska U, Szymczyk P, Rodziewicz J, Mielcarek A (2017) Effect of ionic and covalent crosslinking agents on properties of chitosan beads and sorption effectiveness of Reactive Black 5 dye. React Funct Polym 114:58–74
Ozbay N, Yargic AS (2015) Factorial experimental design for Remazol Yellow dye sorption using apple pulp/apple pulp carbon–titanium dioxide co-sorbent. J Clean Prod 100:333–343
Wawrzkiewicz M, Bartczak P, Jesionowski T (2017) Enhanced removal of hazardous dye form aqueous solutions and real textile wastewater using bifunctional chitin/lignin biosorbent. Int J Biol Macromol 99:754–764
Suteu D, Badeanu M, Malutan T, Chirculescu AI (2016) Valorization of food wastes (orange seeds) as adsorbent for dye retention from aqueous medium. Desalination Water Treat 57(60):29070–29081
Kumar PS, Sivaprakash S, Jayakumar N (2017) Removal of Methylene Blue dye from aqueous solutions Using Lagerstroemia indica seed (LIS) activated carbon. Int J Mater Sci 12(1):107–116
Zhou K, Zhang Q, Wang B, Liu J, Wen P, Gui Z, Hu Y (2014) The integrated utilization of typical clays in removal of organic dyes and polymer nanocomposites. J Clean Prod 81:281–289
Uddin MT, Rahman MA, Rukanuzzaman M, Islam MA (2017) A potential low cost adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. Appl Water Sci:1–12
Yargıç AŞ, Yarbay Şahin RZ, Özbay N, Önal E (2014) Assessment of toxic copper(II) biosorption from aqueous solution by chemically-treated tomato waste (Solanum lycopersicum). J Clean Prod 88:152–159
Deniz F, Kepekci RA (2017) Bioremoval of Malachite green from water sample by forestry waste mixture as potential biosorbent. Microchem J 132:172–178
Mahmoud MS, Mostafa MK, Mohamed SA, Sobhy NA, Nasr M (2017) Bioremediation of red azo dye from aqueous solutions by Aspergillus niger strain isolated from textile wastewater. J Environ Chem Eng 5(1):547–554
Reddy MCS, Sivaramakrishna L, Reddy AV (2012) The use of an agricultural waste material, jujuba seeds for the removal of anionic dye (Congo red) from aqueous medium. J Hazard Mater 203-204:118–127
Mustafa MM, Jamal P, Alkhatib MAF, Mahmod SS, Jimat DN, Ilyas NN (2017) Panus tigrinus as a potential biomass source for Reactive Blue decolorization: isotherm and kinetic study. Electron J Biotechnol 26:7–11
Gupta VK, Jain R, Varshney S (2007) Removal of Reactofix golden yellow 3 RFN from aqueous solution using wheat husk—an agricultural waste. J Hazard Mater 142:443–448
Salazar-Rabago JJ, Leyva-Ramos R, Rivera-Utrilla J, Ocampo-Perez R, Cerino-Cordova FJ (2017) Biosorption mechanism of Methylene Blue from aqueous solution onto White Pine (Pinus durangensis) sawdust: effect of operating conditions. Sustain Environ Res 27(1):32–40
Zaidi NAHM, Lim LB, Priyantha N, Usman A (2018) Artocarpus odoratissimus leaves as an eco-friendly adsorbent for the removal of toxic Rhodamine B dye in aqueous solution: equilibrium isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics and regeneration studies. Arab J Sci Eng:1–10
Seghier A, Hadjel M, Benderdouche N (2017) Adsorption study of heavy metal and acid dye on an amphoteric biomaterial using barbary fig skin. Arab J Sci Eng 42(4):1487–1496
Seghier A, Hadjel M, Benderdouche N (2018) Comparative study of the sorption capacity and contact time of Congo Red removal in a binary and singular system. Arab J Sci Eng 1-9
Menkiti MC, Aniagor CO (2018) Parametric studies on descriptive isotherms for the uptake of crystal violet dye from aqueous solution onto lignin-rich adsorbent. Arab J Sci Eng 43(5):2375–2392
Tang X, Tang P, Liu L (2018) Preparation of tetraethylenepentamine modified magnetic graphene oxide for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution. J Braz Chem Soc 29(2):334–342
Khalid A, Zubair M (2018) A comparative study on the adsorption of Eriochrome Black T dye from aqueous solution on graphene and acid-modified graphene. Arab J Sci Eng 43(5):2167–2179
Mohammed MI, Baytak S (2016) Synthesis of bentonite–carbon nanotube nanocomposite and its adsorption of rhodamine dye from water. Arab J Sci Eng 41(12):4775–4785
Elgarahy AM, Elwakeel KZ, Elshoubaky GA, Mohammad SH (2019) Microwave-accelerated sorption of cationic dyes onto green marine algal biomass. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(22):22704–22722
Ncibi MC, Mahjoub B, Seffen M (2007) Adsorptive removal of textile reactive dye using Posidonia oceanica (L.) fibrous biomass. Int J Environ Sci Technol 4(4):433–440
Kousha M, Tavakoli S, Daneshvar E, Vazirzadeh A, Bhatnagar A (2015) Central composite design optimization of Acid Blue 25 dye biosorption using shrimp shell biomass. J Mol Liq 207:266–273
Inyinbor AA, Adekola FA, Olatunji GA (2015) Adsorption of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution on Irvingia gabonensis biomass: kinetics and thermodynamics studies. S Afr J Chem 68:115–125
Ong ST, Keng PS, Lee SL, Leong MH, Hung YT (2010) Equilibrium studies for the removal of basic dye by sunflower seed husk (Helianthus annuus). Int J Phys Sci 5(8):1270
Nethaji S, Sivasamy A (2011) Adsorptive removal of an acid dye by lignocellulosic waste biomass activated carbon: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Chemosphere 82(10):1367–1372
Suteu D, Zaharia C, Malutan T (2011) Removal of orange 16 reactive dye from aqueous solutions by waste sunflower seed shells. J Serbian Chem Soc 76(4):607–624
Pathania D, Sharma A, Siddiqi ZM (2016) Removal of congo red dye from aqueous system using Phoenix dactylifera seeds. J Mol Liq 219:359–367
Reddy MS, Nirmala V, Ashwini C (2017) Bengal Gram Seed Husk as an adsorbent for the removal of dye from aqueous solutions–Batch studies. Arab J Chem 10:S2554–S2566
Machrouhi A, Farnane M, Elhalil A, Elmoubarki R, Abdennouri M, Qourzal S, Tounsadi H, Barka N (2018) Effectiveness of beetroot seeds and H3PO4 activated beetroot seeds for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. J Water Reuse Desalination 8(4):522–531
Daoud M, Benturki O, Kecira Z, Girods P, Donnot A (2017) Removal of reactive dye (BEZAKTIV Red S-MAX) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated carbons prepared from date palm rachis and jujube stones. J Mol Liq 243:799–809
Dawood S, Sen TK, Phan C (2014) Synthesis and characterisation of novel-activated carbon from waste biomass pine cone and its application in the removal of congo red dye from aqueous solution by adsorption. Water Air Soil Pollut 225(1):1818
Kumar KV, Kumaran A (2005) Removal of methylene blue by mango seed kernel powder. Biochem Eng J 27(1):83–93
Jóźwiak T, Filipkowska U, Brym S, Kopeć L (2020) Use of aminated hulls of sunflower seeds for the removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions. Int J Environ Sci Technol 17(3):1211–1224
Marzouki H, Piras A, Marongiu B, Rosa A, Dessi MA (2008) Extraction and separation of volatile and fixed oils from berries of Laurus nobilis L. by supercritical CO2. Molecules 13(8):1702–1711
Beis SH, Dunford NT (2006) Supercritical fluid extraction of daphne (Laurus nobilis L.) seed oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 83(11):953–957
Onay Ö (2012) Fast Pyrolysis of Laurel (Laurus Nobilis L.) Seed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor. Proceedings of the 55th International Convention of Society of Wood Science and Technology, Bei**g, August 27-31.
Elkiran O, Akbaba E, Bagci E (2018) Constituents of essential oils from leaves and seeds of Laurus nobilis L.: a chemotaxonomic approach. Bangladesh J Bot 47(4):893–901
Onay Ö (2014) Effects of catalyst on pyrolysis of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) seed in a fixed bed tubular reactor. Chem Eng Trans 37:127–132
Bishop CM (1995) Neural networks for pattern recognition. Oxford University Press, New York
Yan C, Li G, Xue P, Wei Q, Li Q (2010) Competitive effect of Cu (II) and Zn (II) on the biosorption of lead (II) by Myriophyllum spicatum. J Hazard Mater 179(1):721–728
Gupta N, Kushwaha AK, Chattopadhyaya MC (2012) Adsorptive removal of Pb 2+, Co 2+ and Ni 2+ by hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite from aqueous solution. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 43(1):125–131
Prasad RK, Srivastava SN (2009) Sorption of distillery spent wash onto fly ash: Kinetics, mechanism, process design and factorial design. J Hazard Mater 161(2):1313–1322
Mohammadi AA, Zarei A, Alidadi H, Afsharnia M, Shams M (2018) Two-dimensional zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 for efficient removal of phosphate from water, process modeling, optimization, kinetic, and isotherm studies. Desalin Water Treat 129:244–254
Foo KY, Hameed BH (2010) Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems. Chem Eng J 156(1):2–10
Dehghani MH, Zarei A, Mesdaghinia A, Nabizadeh R, Alimohammadi M, Afsharnia M, McKay G (2018) Production and application of a treated bentonite–chitosan composite for the efficient removal of humic acid from aqueous solution. Chem Eng Res Des 140:102–115
Al-Ghouti MA, Da’ana DA (2020) Guidelines for the use and interpretation of adsorption isotherm models: a review. J Hazard Mater 122383
Crini G, Peindy HN, Gimbert F, Robert C (2007) Removal of CI Basic Green 4 (Malachite Green) from aqueous solutions by adsorption using cyclodextrin-based adsorbent: Kinetic and equilibrium studies. Sep Purif Technol 53(1):97–110
Robati D (2013) Pseudo-second-order kinetic equations for modeling adsorption systems for removal of lead ions using multi-walled carbon nanotube. J Nanostructure Chem 3(55):1–6
Ganguly P, Sarkhel R, Das P (2020) Synthesis of pyrolyzed biochar and its application for dye removal: batch, kinetic and Isotherm with linear and non-linear mathematical analysis. Surf Interfaces 20:100616
Reczeka L, Michela MM, Domozychb A, Siwieca T, Tytkowskaa M, Świątkowskic A (2020) Effect of lead (II) presence on sorption of 4-chlorophenol on synthetic activated carbon. Desalin Water Treat 186:247–257
Jasper EE, Ajibola VO, Onwuka JC (2020) Nonlinear regression analysis of the sorption of crystal violet and methylene blue from aqueous solutions onto an agro-waste derived activated carbon. Appl Water Sci 10(6):1–11
Hossain MD, Ngo H, Guo W (2013) Introductory of Microsoft Excel SOLVER function-spreadsheet method for isotherm and kinetics modelling of metals biosorption in water and wastewater. J Water Sustain 3(4):223–237
Ngakou CS, Anagho GS, Ngomo HM (2019) Non-linear regression analysis for the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherm of phenacetin onto activated carbons. Curr J Appl Sci Technol 1-18
Haq S, Rehman W, Waseem M, Rehman MU, Shah KH (2019).Modeling, thermodynamic study and sorption mechanism of cadmium ions onto isopropyl alcohol mediated tin dioxide nanoparticles. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 1-9
Brasil JL, Ev RR, Milcharek CD, Martins LC, Pavan FA, Dos Santos AA, Dias SLP, Dupont J, Noreña CPZ, Lima EC (2006) Statistical design of experiments as a tool for optimizing the batch conditions to Cr (VI) biosorption on Araucaria angustifolia wastes. J Hazard Mater 133(1):143–153
Pavan FA, Gushikem Y, Mazzocato AC, Dias SLP, Lima EC (2007) Statistical design of experiments as a tool for optimizing the batch conditions to methylene blue biosorption on yellow passion fruit and mandarin peels. Dyes Pigments 72(2):256–266
Saadat S, Karimi-Jashni A (2011) Optimization of Pb (II) adsorption onto modified walnut shells using factorial design and simplex methodologies. Chem Eng J 173(3):743–749
Ghaedi AM, Vafaei A (2017) Applications of artificial neural networks for adsorption removal of dyes from aqueous solution: a review. Adv Colloid Interfac 245:20–39
Hecht-Nielsen R (1992) Theory of the backpropagation neural network. In Neural networks for perception. Academic Press, pp 65-93
Orhan U, Hekim M, Ozer M (2011) EEG signals classification using the K-means clustering and a multilayer perceptron neural network model. Expert Syst Appl 38(10):13475–13481
Hagan MT, Demuth HB, Beale MH (1996) Neural network design. PWS Publishing, Boston, MA
Alsultanny YA, Aqel MM (2003) Pattern recognition using multilayer neural-genetic algorithm. Neurocomputing 51:237–247
Das L, Das P, Bhowal A, Bhattachariee C (2020) Synthesis of hybrid hydrogel nano-polymer composite using graphene oxide, chitosan and PVA and its application in waste water treatment. Environ Technol Innov 18:100664
Silva TS, de Freitas SM, da Silva Teófilo TM, dos Santos MS, Porto MAF, Souza CMM, dos Santos JB, Silva DV (2019) Use of neural networks to estimate the sorption and desorption coefficients of herbicides: a case study of diuron, hexazinone, and sulfometuron-methyl in Brazil. Chemosphere 236:124333
Dutta S, Parsons SA, Bhattacharjee C, Bandhyopadhyay S, Datta S (2010) Development of an artificial neural network model for adsorption and photocatalysis of reactive dye on TiO2 surface. Expert Syst Appl 37(12):8634–8638
Fletcher D, Goss E (1993) Applications forecasting with neural networks: an application using bankruptcy data. Inf Manag 24:159–167
Zhong ZY, Yang Q, Li XM, Luo K, Liu Y, Zeng GM (2012) Preparation of peanut hull-based activated carbon by microwave-induced phosphoric acid activation and its application in Remazol Brilliant Blue R adsorption. Ind Crop Prod 37(1):178–185
Cardoso NF, Pinto RB, Lima EC, Calvete T, Amavisca CV, Royer B, Cunha ML, Fernandes THM, Pinto IS (2011) Removal of remazol black B textile dye from aqueous solution by adsorption. Desalination 269:92–103
Saxena M, Sharma N, Saxena R (2020) Highly efficient and rapid removal of a toxic dye: adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and mechanism studies on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Surf Interfaces 21:100639
Rizk HE, Attallah MF, Ali AMI (2017) Investigations on sorption performance of some radionuclides, heavy metals and lanthanides using mesoporous adsorbent material. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 314(3):2475–2487
Kamga FT (2019) Modeling adsorption mechanism of paraquat onto Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) wood sawdust. Appl Water Sci 9(1):1
Wu P, He Y, Lu S, Wang S, Yi J, He Y, Zhang J, **ang S, Ding P, Kai T, Pan H (2020) A regenerable ion-imprinted magnetic biocomposite for selective adsorption and detection of Pb2+ in aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 124410
Kavak D (2009) Removal of boron from aqueous solutions by batch adsorption on calcined alunite using experimental design. J Hazard Mater 163:308–314
Anderson MJ (2001) A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecol 26(1):32–46
Darvishmotevalli M, Zare A, Moradnia M, Noorisepehr M, Mohammadi H (2019) Optimization of saline wastewater treatment using electrochemical oxidation process: Prediction by RSM method. MethodsX 6:1101–1113
Safa Y, Bhatti HN (2011) Biosorption of direct red-31 and direct orange-26 dyes by rice husk: application of factorial design analysis. Chem Eng Res Des 89:2566–2574
Gottipati R, Mishra S (2010) Process optimization of adsorption of Cr (VI) on activated carbons prepared from plant precursors by a two-level full factorial design. Chem Eng J 160(1):99–107
Rathinam A, Rao JR, Nair BU (2011) Adsorption of phenol onto activated carbon from seaweed: determination of the optimal experimental parameters using factorial design. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 42:952–956
Özbay N, Yargıç AŞ, Yarbay-Şahin RZ, Önal E (2013) Full factorial experimental design analysis of reactive dye removal by carbon adsorption. J Chemother 2013:1–13
Bingol D, Tekin N, Alkan M (2010) Brilliant Yellow dye adsorption onto sepiolite using a full factorial design. Appl Clay Sci 50(3):315–321
Kaouah F, Boumaza S, Berrama T, Trari M, Bendjama Z (2013) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from wild olive cores (oleaster) by H3PO4 for the removal of Basic Red 46. J Clean Prod 54:296–306
McCulloch WS, Pitts W (1943) A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. Bull Math Biol 5(4):115–133
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and optimization analysis were performed by Adife Seyda YARGIC. Prediction generation with ANNs was studied by Alper YARGIC. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Adife Seyda YARGIC and Alper YARGIC; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yargic, A., Yargic, A.S. & Ozbay, N. Utilization of factorial design methodology to optimize Pr Red Hegxl dye uptake and prediction of removal efficiency via artificial neural network: comparison of linear vs non-linear sorption isotherm and kinetic parameters. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 1723–1750 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01193-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-01193-z