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Time-Dependent Tsunami Source Following the 2018 Anak Krakatau Volcano Eruption Inferred from Nearby Tsunami Recordings

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Abstract

The eruption of the Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia, on 22 December 2018 induced a destructive tsunami (the Sunda Strait tsunami), which was recorded by four nearby tidal gauges. In this study we invert the tsunami records and recover the tsunami generation process. Two tsunami sources are obtained, a static one of instant initial water elevation and a time-dependent one accounting for the continuous evolution of water height. The time-dependent results are found to reproduce the tsunami recordings more satisfactorily. The complete tsunami generation process lasts approximately 9 min and features a two-stage evolution with similar intensity. Each stage lasts about 3.5 min and elevates a water volume of about 0.13 km3. The time, duration and volume of the volcano eruption in general agree with seismic records and geomorphological interpretations. We also test different sizes of the potential source region, which lead to different maximum wave height in the source area, but all the results of time-dependent tsunami sources show the robust feature of two stages of wave generation. Our results imply a time-dependent and complex process of tsunami generation during the volcano eruption.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank YUE Han for useful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (Ministry of Education), Shanghai, 200240, China

    Yi-fan Zhu, Chao An & Hua Liu

  2. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Bei**g, 100871, China

    Teng Wang

Authors
  1. Yi-fan Zhu
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  2. Chao An
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  3. Teng Wang
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  4. Hua Liu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chao An.

Additional information

Foundation item: This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1901602, 11632012, 41861144024 and 41974017).

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Zhu, Yf., An, C., Wang, T. et al. Time-Dependent Tsunami Source Following the 2018 Anak Krakatau Volcano Eruption Inferred from Nearby Tsunami Recordings. China Ocean Eng 35, 145–152 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-021-0013-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13344-021-0013-4

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