Abstract
The effect of thermal treatment on the structural arrangement and pore size distribution in NiFe2O4/reduced graphene oxide composite materials has been studied using X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption technique. Composite materials have been successfully synthesized by the joint hydrothermal method using graphene oxide colloidal solution obtained by the modified Tour method. The electrical properties of the composite materials, as well as the pure component, have been studied in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz, in the temperature range from 25 to 175 °C using impedance spectroscopy. A synergetic increase in the electrical conductivity of composite materials compared to pure components has been observed. The activation energies of interparticle hop** of charge carriers have been calculated using Arrhenius-type conductivity plots.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-022-02741-x/MediaObjects/13204_2022_2741_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-022-02741-x/MediaObjects/13204_2022_2741_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-022-02741-x/MediaObjects/13204_2022_2741_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-022-02741-x/MediaObjects/13204_2022_2741_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-022-02741-x/MediaObjects/13204_2022_2741_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-022-02741-x/MediaObjects/13204_2022_2741_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-022-02741-x/MediaObjects/13204_2022_2741_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-022-02741-x/MediaObjects/13204_2022_2741_Fig8_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Repository of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, http://lib.pnu.edu.ua:8080/?locale=en. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Alam SN, Sharma N, Kumar L (2017) Synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) by modified Hummers method and its thermal reduction to obtain reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Graphene 6(1):1–18. https://doi.org/10.4236/graphene.2017.61001
Al-Rubaye S, Rajagopalan R, Dou SX, Cheng Z (2017) Facile synthesis of a reduced graphene oxide wrapped porous NiCo2O4 composite with superior performance as an electrode material for supercapacitors. J. Mater. Chem. A 5(36):18989–18997. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TA03251J
Boychuk VM, Kotsyubunsky VO, Bandura KV, Rachii BI, Yaremiy IP, Fedorchenko SV (2019) Structural and electrical properties of nickel-iron spinel/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 673:137–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2019.1578503
Britto JF, Samson V, Bernadsha SB, Madhavan J, Raj M (2022) Synthesis of rNiCo nanocomposite-as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-022-02455-1
Cai YZ, Cao WQ, Zhang YL, He P, Shu JC, Cao MS (2019) Tailoring rGO-NiFe2O4 hybrids to tune transport of electrons and ions for supercapacitor electrodes. J Alloys Compd 811:152011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152011
Chakraborty K, Chakrabarty S, Pal T, Ghosh S (2017) Synergistic effect of zinc selenide–reduced graphene oxide towards enhanced solar light-responsive photocurrent generation and photocatalytic 4-nitrophenol degradation. New J Chem 41(11):4662–4671. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NJ04022E
Chang CJ, Wei YH, Huang KP (2017) Photocatalytic hydrogen production by flower-like graphene supported ZnS composite photocatalysts. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42(37):23578–23586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.04.219
Deviannapoorani C, Dhivya L, Ramakumar S, Murugan R (2013) Lithium ion transport properties of high conductive tellurium substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 cubic lithium garnets. J Power Sources 240:18–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.03.166
Huang B, Bartholomew CH, Woodfield BF (2014) Improved calculations of pore size distribution for relatively large, irregular slit-shaped mesopore structure. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 184:112–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.10.008
Kate RS, Khalate SA, Deokate RJ (2018) Overview of nanostructured metal oxides and pure nickel oxide (NiO) electrodes for supercapacitors: a review. J Alloys Compd 734:89–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.10.262
Kotsyubynsky V, Ostafiychuk B, Moklyak V, Hrubiak A (2015) Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties of mesoporous maghemite γ-Fe2O3. Solid State Phenom 230:120–126. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.230.120
Kotsyubynsky VO, Boychuk VM, Budzuliak IM, Rachiy BI, Zapukhlyak RI, Hodlevska MA, Malakhov AA (2021) Structural, morphological and electrical properties of graphene oxides obtained by Hummers, Tour and modified methods: a comparative study. Phys Chem Solid State 22(1):31–38. https://doi.org/10.15330/pcss.22.1.31-38
Kumar N, Kumar A, Huang GM, Wu WW, Tseng TY (2018) Facile synthesis of mesoporous NiFe2O4/CNTs nanocomposite cathode material for high performance asymmetric pseudocapacitors. Appl Surf Sci 433:1100–1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.095
Maity KP, Patra A, Prasad V (2020) Influence of the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes on low temperature ac conductivity with polyaniline composites. J Phys d: Appl Phys 53(12):125303. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab5f18
Majid F, Rauf J, Ata S, Bibi I, Malik A, Ibrahim SM, Iqbal M (2021) Synthesis and characterization of NiFe2O4 ferrite: sol–gel and hydrothermal synthesis routes effect on magnetic, structural and dielectric characteristics. Mater Chem Phys 258:123888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123888
Mary BCJ, Vijaya JJ, Saravanakumar B, Bououdina M, Kennedy LJ (2022) NiFe2O4 and 2D-rGO decorated with NiFe2O4 nanoparticles as highly efficient electrodes for supercapacitors. Synth Met 291:117201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2022.117201
Niu Y, Fang Q, Zhang X, Zhang P, Li Y (2016) Reduction and structural evolution of graphene oxide sheets under hydrothermal treatment. Phys Lett A 380(38):3128–3132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2016.07.027
Ostafiychuk BK, Kaykan LS, Mazurenko JS, Deputat BY, Koren SV (2017) Effect of substitution on the mechanism of conductivity of ultra dispersed lithium-iron spinel, substituted with magnesium ions. J Nano-and Electron Phys. https://doi.org/10.21272/jnep.9(5).05018
Salazar-Tamayo H, García KE, Barrero CA (2019) New method to calculate Mössbauer recoilless f-factors in NiFe2O4. Magnetic, morphological and structural properties. J Magn Magn Mater 471:242–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.09.066
Samson VAF, Bernadsha SB, Britto JF, Raj MVA, Madhavan J (2022a) Synthesis of rGO/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite as an alternative counter electrode material to fabricate Pt-free efficient dye sensitized solar cells. Diamond Relat. Mater. 130:109406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2022.109406
Samson V, Bernadsha SB, PaulWinston AJP, Divya D, Abraham J, Raj M, Madhavan J (2022b) rGO Sheets/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites as an efficient electro catalyst material for I3−/I− reaction for high performance DSSCs. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 32(3):1183–1189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02182-z
Sethi M, Shenoy US, Muthu S, Bhat DK (2020) Facile solvothermal synthesis of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for high-performance supercapacitor applications. Front Mater Sci 14(2):120–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-020-0499-3
Simon P, Gogotsi Y (2020) Perspectives for electrochemical capacitors and related devices. Nat Mater 19(11):1151–1163. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0747-z
Tamilselvi R, Lekshmi GS, Padmanathan N, Selvaraj V, Bazaka O, Levchenko I, Mandhakini M (2022) NiFe2O4/rGO nanocomposites produced by soft bubble assembly for energy storage and environmental remediation. Renew Energ 181:1386–1401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.07.088
Wang J, Guo X (2020) Adsorption isotherm models: classification, physical meaning, application and solving method. Chemosphere. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127279
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (project 2020.02/0043). Some results of the work were previously presented at the 9th International Conference “Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials” NANO-2021.
Funding
This study was funded by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (project 2020.02/0043).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author declares no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Hodlevska, M., Kotsyubynsky, V., Boychuk, V. et al. Hydrothermally synthesized NiFe2O4/rGO composites: structure, morphology and electrical conductivity. Appl Nanosci 13, 5199–5209 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02741-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-022-02741-x