Abstract
In the present article, we reported the application of the extract of leaves from Solidago canadensis L. for the green synthesis of triangular and hexagonal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The phytochemical characterization, by reaction with HAuCl4 solutions, showed that the extract of Solidago canadensis L. contained the secondary metabolites that can act both as reducing and as stabilizing agents. For the synthesis of AuNPs, the effects of the HAuCl4 concentration (0.25–0.975 mM) and the reaction time (10–180 min) were investigated. The formation of AuNPs is confirmed by the color change from yellowish to purple-red. Photoluminescence measurements of Au nanocolloids showed a continuous emission band ranging from violet to red. UV–Vis characterization of AuNPs in the prepared nanocolloids showed surface plasmon resonance peaks at 530 and > 870 nm. TEM revealed that the AuNPs are in the range of 8–200 nm, they have spherical, triangular, and hexagonal forms of varying sizes. AFM and STM showed a non-ideal relief of large triangular and hexagonal gold nanoprisms. The EDX analysis, XRD and SAED patterns confirmed the face-center cubic structure of AuNPs.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig1_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig4_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig9_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig10_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-020-01406-x/MediaObjects/13204_2020_1406_Fig11_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad B, Hafeez N, Bashir S, Rauf A, Mujeeb ur Rehman (2017) Phytofabricated gold nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 89:414–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.058
Arambarri AM, Hernandez MP (2014) Seasonal variation of saponins in organs of Solidago chilensis var. chilensis (Asteraceae). Bol Soc Argen Bot 49(4):483–489
Botha TL, Elemike EE, Horn S, Onwudiwe DC, Giesy JP, Wepener V (2019) Cytotoxicity of Ag Au and Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles prepared using golden rod (Solidago canadensis) plant extract. Sci Rep 9:4169. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40816-y
Daraee H, Eatemadi A, Abbasi E, Fekri Aval S, Kouhi M, Akbarzadeh A (2016) Application of gold nanoparticles in biomedical and drug delivery. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 44:410–422. https://doi.org/10.3109/21691401.2014.955107
Deng Y, Zhao Y, Padilla-Zakour O, Yang G (2015) Polyphenols antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf and bark extracts of Solidago canadensis L. Ind Crop Prod 74:803–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.06.014
Dumur F, Guerlin A, Dumas E, Bertin D, Gigmes D, Mayer CR (2011) Controlled spontaneous generation of gold nanoparticles assisted by dual reducing and cap** agents. Gold Bull 44:119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13404-011-0018-5
Elavazhagan T, Arunachalam KD (2011) Memecylon edule leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. Int J Nanomed 6:1265–1278. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S18347
Elemike EE, Onwudiwe DC, Fayemi OE, Botha TL (2019) Green synthesis and electrochemistry of Ag Au and Ag–Au bimetallic nanoparticles using golden rod (Solidago canadensis) leaf extract. Appl Phys A 125:42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-018-2348-0
Elshafie HS, Gruľová D, Baranová B, Caputo L, De Martino L, Sedlák V, Camele I, De Feo V (2019) Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oil extracted from Solidago canadensis L. growing wild in Slovakia. Molecules 24:1206. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071206
Haick H (2007) Chemical sensors based on molecularly modified metallic nanoparticles. J Phys D Appl Phys 40:7173–7186. https://doi.org/10.1088/2F0022-3727
Husseiny MI, El-Aziz MA, Badr Y, Mahmoud MA (2007) Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Spectrochim Acta A67:1003–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2006.09.028
Kato N, Caruso F (2005) Homogeneous, competitive fluorescence quenching immunoassay based on gold nanoparticle/polyelectrolyte coated latex particles. J Phys Chem B 109:19604–19614. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp052748f
Kołodziej B, Kowalski R, Kędzia B (2011) Antibacterial and antimutagenic activity of extracts aboveground parts of three Solidago species: Solidago virgaurea L., Solidago canadensis L. and Solidago gigantea Ait. J Med Plant Res 5:6770–6779. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.1098
Kumar VA, Uchida T, Mizuki T, Nakajima Y, Katsube Y, Hanajiri T, Maekawa T (2016) Synthesis of nanoparticles composed of silver and silver chloride for a plasmonic photocatalyst using an extract from a weed Solidago altissima (goldenrod). Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol 7:015002. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/7/1/015002
Lopatynskyi AM, Malymon YO, Lytvyn VK, Mogylny IV, Rachkov AE, Soldatkin AP, Chegel VI (2019) Solid and hollow gold nanostructures for nanomedicine: comparison of photothermal properties. Plasmonics 13:1659–1669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-017-0675-1
Lucena-Serrano C, Contreras-Cáceres R, Sánchez-Molina M, Casado-Rodríguez MA, Cloarec JM, Mainetti E, López-Romero M (2017) Preparation and application of non-spherical metal nanoparticles: reality and perspectives. Curr Org Chem 21:1–22. https://doi.org/10.2174/1385272821666161107160143
Mariychuk R, Fejer J, Porubska J, Grishchenko LM, Lisnyak VV (2019) Green synthesis and characterization of gold triangular nanoprisms using extract of Juniperus communis L. Appl Nanosci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-00990-x
Radusiene J, Marska M, Ivanauskas L, Jakstas V, Karpaviciene B (2015) Assessment of phenolic compound accumulation in two widespread goldenrods. Ind Crops Prod 63:158–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.015
Reguera J, Langer J, Jiménez De Aberasturi D, Liz-Marzán LM (2017) Anisotropic metal nanoparticles for surface enhanced Raman scattering. Chem Soc Rev 46(13):3866–3885. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00158d
Roslon W, Osinska E, Mazur K, Geszprych A (2014) Chemical characteristics of European Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea L. subsp virgaurea) from natural sites in Central and Eastern Poland. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus 13(1):55–65
Shen X, Wang ZX, Liu LL, Zou ZR (2018) Molluscicidal activity of Solidago canadensis L. extracts on the snail Pomacea canaliculata Lam. Pestic Biochem Physiol 149:104–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.06.009
Wacławek S, Gončuková Z, Adach K, Fijałkowski M, Černík M (2018) Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Artemisia dracunculus extract: control of the shape and size by varying synthesis conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:24210–24219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2510-4
Wang C, Jiang K, Wu B, Zhou J, Lv Y (2018) Silver nanoparticles with different particle sizes enhance the allelopathic effects of Canada goldenrod on the seed germination and seedling development of lettuce. Ecotoxicology 27:1116–1125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1966-9
Acknowledgements
This study is partially supported by the KEGA project No. 018PU-4/2018 from the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mariychuk, R., Grulova, D., Grishchenko, L.M. et al. Green synthesis of non-spherical gold nanoparticles using Solidago canadensis L. extract. Appl Nanosci 10, 4817–4826 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01406-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01406-x