Abstract
Arid zones represent 44% of the world's agricultural land where crops are exposed to stressful conditions, mainly water deficiency and high solar radiation. Under such conditions, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may improve plant stress resistance by increasing water and nutrient uptake but their diversity and community in dryland agroecosystems remains underexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate the AMF species diversity and community associated with five economically relevant crops (alfalfa, pepper, maize, onion and walnut) grown in an arid zone of northern Mexico. DNA was extracted and PCR-amplified with AMF specific primers from root and rhizosphere soil samples. Libraries were constructed and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq system; representative sequences were assigned to 30 species in 12 genera. AMF community composition was similar among the crops but significantly different between the roots and the rhizosphere soil. A strong dominance, in terms of DNA sequence read abundance of Septoglomus sp. was found in root samples. On the contrary, in rhizosphere soil Rhizophagus spp. and Funneliformis mosseae were more abundant. Most of the Septoglomus sequences were affiliated to a node in-between the branches of the species S. viscosum and S. titan, indicating an undescribed or uncharacterized highly abundant species in this ecosystem. Describing and understanding plant associated AMF communities in drylands may provide valuable information for future tailored made inocula efforts.
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Data availability
The sequencing run has been stored at the Sequence Read Archive at the NCBI with accession number PRJNA772040.
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Funding
This study was funded as a Mexican-German bilateral scientific and technological cooperation project, by CONACYT-National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (grant no. 267782) and BMBF Germany (grant no. 01DN17031). CEGM would like to thank CONACYT (CVU No. 875797) and Tecnologico de Monterrey for academic scholarships.
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Supplementary file1 Supplementary Fig. 1. Root and soil sampling in crop fields. a-b) Walnut sampling (30 cm depth), south-central Chihuahua. c-d) Alfalfa sampling (30 cm deep), south-center region. e–f) Maize sampling (12 cm depth) south-east region. g) Pepper sampling (10 cm depth).(JPG 981 KB)
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Supplementary file2 Supplementary Fig. 2. Phylogenetic backbone tree used for EPA analysis. Every tree branch contains an i-number that can be correlated to affiliated Reference Sequences (RS).(PDF 85 KB)
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Supplementary file3 Supplementary Fig. 3. Rarefaction curve of AMF sequences annotated at the species level.(PDF 139 KB)
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Supplementary file4 Supplementary Table 1. Read relative abundance of AMF species per plant species and habitat. Letter R at the end of the crop represents root samples and letter S represents rhizosphere soil samples.(XLSX 15 KB)
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Supplementary file5 Supplementary Table 2. Annotated Reference Sequences (RS) per sample and their read abundances.(XLSX 239 KB)
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Guardiola-Márquez, C.E., Pacheco, A., Mora-Godínez, S. et al. Septoglomus species dominate the arbuscular mycorrhiza of five crop plants in an arid region of northern Mexico. Symbiosis 87, 93–106 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-022-00851-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-022-00851-2