Abstract
Surface sediment samples from nine inflow rivers of Chaohu Lake in Eastern China were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure and the zero equilibrium phosphorus concentration (EPC0) was determined to evaluate the behavior of phosphorous at the water–sediment interface. The results reveal that substantial amounts of P had accumulated in river sediments from agricultural runoff and domestic sewage. For most of the sample sites, the total P content was higher in sediments from urban rivers than in those from rural rivers. On average, the reactive inorganic P consisted of slightly more than 60% of the total P, with Fe-P being the dominant P form. Compared with rural sediments, the Al-P contents were significantly higher in urban sediments, while the Res-P contents were significantly lower. The differences can be attributed to the differential discharge of P from watersheds with contrasting land uses and to the dramatic changes in the ambient conditions of urban rivers. A higher soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) value of the overlying water relative to the EPC0 value in the mouth of the urban rivers of Chaohu Lake indicates that bottom sediments still play a role in adsorbing phosphorus from the water column before it reaches Chaohu Lake.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-019-8086-6/MediaObjects/12665_2019_8086_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-019-8086-6/MediaObjects/12665_2019_8086_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-019-8086-6/MediaObjects/12665_2019_8086_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-019-8086-6/MediaObjects/12665_2019_8086_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-019-8086-6/MediaObjects/12665_2019_8086_Fig5_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander RB, Smith RA (2006) Trends in the nutrient enrichment of US rivers during the late 20th century and their relation to changes in probable stream trophic conditions. Limnol Oceanogr 51(1):639–654
An WC, Li XM (2009) Phosphate adsorption characteristics at the sediment-water interface and phosphorus fractions in Nansi Lake, China, and its main inflow rivers. Environ Monit Assess 148(1–4):173–184
Andrieux-Loyer F, Aminot A (2001) Phosphorus forms related to sediment grain size and geochemical characteristics in french coastal areas. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 52(5):617–629
Bennett EM, Reedandersen T, Houser JN, Gabriel JR, Carpenter SR (1999) A phosphorus budget for the Lake Mendota Watershed. Ecosystems 2(1):69–75
Boström B (1984) Potential mobility of phosphorus in different types of lake sediment. Int Rev Hydrobiol 69(4):457–474
Bowes MJ, House WA (2001) Phosphorus and dissolved silicon dynamics in the River Swale catchment, UK: a mass-balance approach. Hydrol Process 15(2):261–280
Bowes MJ, House WA, Hodgkinson RA (2003) Phosphorus dynamics along a river continuum. Sci Total Environ 313(1–3):199–212
Diaz OA, Reddy KR Moore Jr PA (1994) Solubility of inorganic phosphorus in stream water as influenced by pH and calcium concentration. Water Res 28(8):1755–1763
Gao C, Zhang T (2010) Eutrophication in a Chinese context: understanding various physical and socio-economic aspects. Ambio 39(5–6):385–393
Gonsiorczyk T, Casper P, Koschel R (1998) Phosphorus-binding forms in the sediment of an oligotrophic and an eutrophic hardwater lake of the Baltic Lake District (Germany). Water Sci Technol 37(3):51–58
Haggard BE, Smith DR, Brye KR (2007) Variations in stream water and sediment phosphorus among select Ozark catchments. J Environ Qual 36(6):1725–1734
Hoffman AR, Armstrong DE, Lathrop RC, Penn MR (2009) Characteristics and influence of phosphorus accumulated in the bed sediments of a stream located in an Agricultural Watershed. Aquat Geochem 15(3):371–389
House WA, Denison FH (2002) Total phosphorus content of river sediments in relationship to calcium, iron and organic matter concentrations. Sci Total Environ 282–283(2):341–351
Ivanoff DB, Reddy KR, Robinson (1998) Chemical fractionation of organic phosphorus in sellected histosols. Soil Sci 163(1):36–45
** X, Wang S, Pang Y, Zhao H, Zhou X (2005) The adsorption of phosphate on different trophic lake sediments. Colloid Surf A 254(1–3):241–248
Joh H (1983) Fractionation of phosphorus and releasable fraction in sediment mud of Osaka Bay. Bull Japan Soc Sci Fish 49:447–454
Kleeberg A, Dudel GE (1997) Changes in extent of phosphorus release in a shallow lake (Lake Groβer Müggelsee; Germany, Berlin) due to climatic factors and load. Mar Geol 139(1):61–75
Kozerski HP, Kleeberg A (1998) The Sediments and Benthic-Pelagic Exchange in the Shallow Lake Müggelsee (Berlin, Germany). Int Rev Hydrobiol 83(1):77–112
Li J, Liu CQ, Zhu Z (2008) Historical eutrophication in Lake Taihu: evidence from biogenic silica and total phosphorus accumulation in sediments from northern part of Lake Taihu. Environ Geol 55(7):1493–1500
Lin C, Wang Z, He M, Li Y, Liu R, Yang Z (2009) Phosphorus sorption and fraction characteristics in the upper, middle and low reach sediments of the Daliao river systems, China. J Hazard Mater 170(1):278–285
Liu E, Shen J, Yang X, Zhang E (2012) Spatial distribution and human contamination quantification of trace metals and phosphorus in the sediments of Chaohu Lake, a eutrophic shallow lake, China. Environ Monit Assess 184(4):2105–2118
Maine MA, Hammerly JA, Leguizamon MS, Pizarro MJ (1992) Influence of the pH and redox potential on phosphate activity in the Parana Medio system. Hydrobiologia 228(1):83–90
Meng T, Chen S, Wang Y (2016) Water pollution control process of Chao Lake Basin and new suggestions. Environ Sci Manage 41:152–155. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Murphy J, Riley JP (1962) A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal Chim Acta 27(00):31–36
Nair PS, Logan TJ, Sharpley AN, Sommers LE, Tabatabai MA, Yuan TL (1984) Interlaboratory comparison of a standardized phosphorus adsorption procedure. J Environ Qual 13(4):591–595
Owens PN, Walling DE (2002) The phosphorus content of fluvial sediment in rural and industrialized river basins. Water Res 36(3):685–701
Pettersson K (2001) Phosphorus characteristics of settling and suspended particles in Lake Erken. Sci Total Environ 266(1):79–86
Pettersson K, Boström B, Jacobsen OS (1988) Phosphorus in sediments—speciation and analysis. Hydrobiologia 170(1):91–101
Reddy KR, Flaig EG, Graetz DA (1996) Phosphorus storage capacity of uplands, wetlands and streams of the Lake Okeechobee Watershed, Florida. Agr Ecosyst Environ 59(3):203–216
Rivas Z, Medina HLD, Gutiérrez J, Gutiérrez E (2000) Nitrogen and phosphorus levels in sediments from tropical catatumbo river (Venezuela). Water Air Soil Poll 117(1–4):27–37
Ruban V, Brigault S, Demare D, Philippe AM (1999) An investigation of the origin and mobility of phosphorus in freshwater sediments from Bort-Les-Orgues Reservoir, France. J Environ Monit 1(4):403–407
Rydin E (2000) Potentially mobile phosphorus in Lake Erken sediment. Water Res 34(7):2037–2042
Schindler DW (2006) Recent advances in the understanding and management of eutrophication. Limnol Oceanogr 51(1):356–363
Søndergaard M, Jensen JP, Jeppesen E (2003) Role of sediment and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia 506–509(1–3):135–145
Tan KH (1995) Soil sampling, preparation and analysis. Marcel Dekker, New York
Taylor AW, Kunishi HM (1971) Phosphate equilibria on stream sediment and soil in a watershed draining an agricultural region. J Agric Food Chem 19(5):827–831
Ting DS, Appan A (1996) General characteristics and fractions of phosphorus in aquatic sediments of two tropical reservoirs. Water Sci Technol 34(7):53–59
Turner BL, Cademenun BJ, Condron LM, Newman S (2005) Extraction of soil organic phosphorus. Talanta 66(2):294–306
Wang S, ** X, Zhao H, Wu F (2006) Phosphorus fractions and its release in the sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River area in China. Colloid Surf A 273(1–3):109–116
Wang P, He M, Lin C, Men B, Liu R, Quan X, Yang Z (2009) Phosphorus distribution in the estuarine sediments of the Daliao river, China. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 84(2):246–252
Wang CH, Guo ZY, Gao C, **e CF (2013) Changes of landscape pattern in the Chaohu Lake Basin based on remote sencing. Res Environ Yangtze Basin 22(12):1586–1592. (In Chinese with English abstract)
Wu P, Chao G, Chen F, Yu S (2016) Response of organic carbon burial to trophic level changes in a shallow eutrophic lake in SE China. J Environ Sci 46(8):220–228
Xu FL, Tao S, Xu ZR (1999) The restoration of riparian wetlands and macrophytes in Lake Chao, an eutrophic Chinese lake: possibilities and effects. Hydrobiologia 405(4):169–178
Zhang W (2005) Water environmental problems and a strategy of sustaining development in Chaohu Lake Area. Water Cons Sci Technol Econ 11:516–518. (In Chineses with English abstract)
Zhang J, Huang X (2007) Relative importance of solid-phase phosphorus and iron on the sorption behavior of sediments. Environ Sci Technol 41(8):2789–2795
Zhang HL, Kovar JL (2000). Phosphorus fractionation. In: Pierzynski GM (eds), Methods of phosphorus analysis for soils, sediments, residuals, and waters, pp 50–59. North Carolina State University, Raleigh
Zhang H, Shan B (2008) Historical distribution and partitioning of phosphorus in sediments in an Agricultural Watershed in the Yangtze-Huaihe Region, China. Environ Sci Technol 42(7):2328–2333
Zhang L, Shao S, Liu C, Xu T, Fan C (2015) Forms of nutrients in rivers flowing into Lake Chaohu&58; a comparison between urban and rural rivers. Water 16(3):4523–4536
Zhou H, Gao C (2011) Assessing the risk of phosphorus loss and identifying critical source areas in the Chaohu Lake watershed, China. Environ Manage 48(5):1033
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271467, 40771186).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, R., Yin, A. & Gao, C. Sediment phosphorus fraction and release potential in the major inflow rivers of Chaohu Lake, Eastern China. Environ Earth Sci 78, 117 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8086-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8086-6