Log in

Breast Cancer Disparities Among Women in Underserved Communities in the USA

  • Global Breast Cancer (BO Anderson and C Duggan, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Breast Cancer Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Breast cancer disparities that exist between high-income countries (HIC) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are also reflected within population subgroups throughout the United States (US). Here we examine three case studies of US populations “left behind” in breast cancer outcomes/equity.

Recent Findings

African Americans in Chicago, non-Latina White women in Appalachia, and Latinas in the Yakima Valley of Washington State all experience a myriad of factors that contribute to lower rates of breast cancer detection and appropriate treatment as well as poorer survival. These factors, related to the social determinants of health, including geographic isolation, lack of availability of care, and personal constraints, can be addressed with interventions at multiple levels.

Summary

Although HICs have reduced mortality of breast cancer compared to LMICs, there remain inequities in the US healthcare system. Concerted efforts are needed to ensure that all women have access to equitable screening, detection, treatment, and survivorship resources.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

References

  1. Coughlin SS, Ekwueme DU. Breast cancer as a global health concern. Cancer Epidemiol. 2009;33(5):315–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 2010;127(12):2893–917.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Jemal A, Center MM, DeSantis C, Ward EM. Global patterns of cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19(8):1893–907.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Torre LA, Siegel RL, Ward EM, Jemal A. Global cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends—an update. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016;25(1):16–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. DeSantis CE, Bray F, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Anderson BO, Jemal A. International variation in female breast cancer incidence and mortality rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015;24(10):1495–506.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Youlden DR, Cramb SM, Dunn NA, Muller JM, Pyke CM, Baade PD. The descriptive epidemiology of female breast cancer: an international comparison of screening, incidence, survival and mortality. Cancer Epidemiol. 2012;36(3):237–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Allemani C, Weir HK, Carreira H, Harewood R, Spika D, Wang XS, et al. Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995–2009: analysis of individual data for 25 676 887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2). Lancet. 2015;385(9972):977–1010.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Allemani C, Sant M, Weir HK, Richardson LC, Baili P, Storm H, et al. Breast cancer survival in the US and Europe: a CONCORD high-resolution study. Int J Cancer. 2013;132(5):1170–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015;65(2):87–108.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. DeSantis C, Ma J, Bryan L, Jemal A. Breast cancer statistics, 2013. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014;64(1):52–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. DeSantis CE, Fedewa SA, Goding Sauer A, Kramer JL, Smith RA, Jemal A. Breast cancer statistics, 2015: convergence of incidence rates between black and white women. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015

  12. Clegg LX, Reichman ME, Miller BA, Hankey BF, Singh GK, Lin YD, et al. Impact of socioeconomic status on cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis: selected findings from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results: National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(4):417–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Chen L, Li CI. Racial disparities in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment by hormone receptor and HER2 status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015;24(11):1666–72.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ooi SL, Martinez ME, Li CI. Disparities in breast cancer characteristics and outcomes by race/ethnicity. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;127(3):729–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Singh G, HJemal A. Socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in cancer mortality, incidence, and survival in the United States, 1950–2014: over six decades of changing patterns and widening inequalities. J Environ Public Health. 2017;19

  16. Zahnd WE, James AS, Jenkins WD, Izadi SR, Fogleman AJ, Steward DE, et al. Rural-urban differences in cancer incidence and trends in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;

  17. Ward E, Jemal A, Cokkinides V, Singh GK, Cardinez C, Ghafoor A, et al. Cancer disparities by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. CA Cancer J Clin. 2004;54(2):78–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Peipins LA, Miller J, Richards TB, Bobo JK, Liu T, White MC, et al. Characteristics of US counties with no mammography capacity. J Community Health. 2012;37(6):1239–48.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Eberth JM, Eschbach K, Morris JS, Nguyen HT, Hossain MM, Elting LS. Geographic disparities in mammography capacity in the south: a longitudinal assessment of supply and demand. Health Serv Res. 2014;49(1):171–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Porter P. “Westernizing” women’s risks? Breast cancer in lower-income countries. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(3):213–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Warnecke RB, Oh A, Breen N, Gehlert S, Paskett E, Tucker KL, et al. Approaching health disparities from a population perspective: the National Institutes of Health Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(9):1608–15.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. U.S. Bureau of the Census. American Community Survey, 2012–2016. 2018; https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/. Accessed 25 Mar 2018.

  23. Chicago Department of Public Health Healthy Chicago 2.0: Partnering to Improve Health Equity. Chicago, IL 2016.

  24. Sampson RJ. Great American city: Chicago and the enduring neighborhood effect. University of Chicago Press; 2012.

  25. Illinois Department of Public Health. Illinois State Cancer Registry. 2014; http://www.dph.illinois.gov/data-statistics/epidemiology/cancer-registry. Accessed 25 Mar 2018.

  26. Al-Alem U, Rauscher G, Shah E, et al. Association of genetic ancestry with breast cancer in ethnically diverse women from Chicago. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e112916.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Rauscher GH, Kresovich JK, Poulin M, Yan L, Macias V, Mahmoud AM, et al. Exploring DNA methylation changes in promoter, intragenic, and intergenic regions as early and late events in breast cancer formation. BMC Cancer. 2015;15(1):816.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Francois-Blue T, Tossas-Milligan T, Murphy AM. How far have we come? Improving access to and quality of breast health services in Chicago. Chicago, IL2014.

  29. Hirschman J, Whitman S, Ansell D. The black: white disparity in breast cancer mortality: the example of Chicago. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18(3):323–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Hunt B, Whitman S. Black: white health disparities in the United States and Chicago: 1990–2010. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2015;2(1):93–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Margellos H, Silva A, Whitman S. Comparison of health status indicators in Chicago: are black–white disparities worsening? Am J Public Health. 2004;94(1):116–21.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Hunt BR, Whitman S, Hurlbert MS. Increasing black: white disparities in breast cancer mortality in the 50 largest cities in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol. 2014;38(2):118–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Hunt BR, Hurlbert MS. Black: white disparities in breast cancer mortality in the 50 largest cities in the United States, 2005–2014. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016;45:169–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Orsi JM, Margellos-Anast H, Whitman S. Black–white health disparities in the United States and Chicago: a 15-year progress analysis. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(2):349–56.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Whitman S, Ansell D, Orsi J, Francois T. The racial disparity in breast cancer mortality. J Community Health. 2011;36(4):588–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Sighoko D, Murphy AM, Irizarry B, Rauscher G, Ferrans C, Ansell D. Changes in the racial disparity in breast cancer mortality in the ten US cities with the largest African American populations from 1999 to 2013: the reduction in breast cancer mortality disparity in Chicago. Cancer Causes Control. 2017;28(6):563–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Sighoko D, Hunt BR, Irizarry B, Watson K, Ansell D, Murphy AM. Disparity in breast cancer mortality by age and geography in 10 racially diverse US cities. Cancer Epidemiol. 2018;53:178–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Susan G. Komen Foundation Chicagoland Area Community Profile Report. Chicago, IL2015.

  39. Allgood KL, Rauscher GH, Whitman S, Vasquez-Jones G, Shah AM. Validating self-reported mammography use in vulnerable communities: findings and recommendations. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Biomarkers. 2014:cebp 1253.2013.

  40. Molina Y, Kim S, Berrios N, Calhoun EA. Medical mistrust and patient satisfaction with mammography: the mediating effects of perceived self-efficacy among navigated African American women. Health Expect. 2015;18(6):2941–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Dookeran KA, Silva A, Warnecke RB, Rauscher GH. Race/ethnicity and disparities in mastectomy practice in the breast Cancer Care in Chicago study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(1):66–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mortel M, Rauscher GH, Murphy AM, Hoskins K, Warnecke RB. Racial and ethnic disparity in symptomatic breast cancer awareness despite a recent screen: the role of tumor biology and mammography facility characteristics. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2015;24(10):1599–606.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Rauscher GH, Murphy AM, Orsi JM, Dupuy DM, Grabler PM, Weldon CB. Beyond the mammography quality standards act: measuring the quality of breast cancer screening programs. Am J Roentgenol. 2014;202(1):145–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Rauscher GH, Allgood KL, Whitman S, Conant E. Disparities in screening mammography services by race/ethnicity and health insurance. J Women's Health. 2012;21(2):154–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Rauscher GH, Conant EF, Khan JA, Berbaum ML. Mammogram image quality as a potential contributor to disparities in breastcancer stage at diagnosis: an observational study. BMC Cancer. 2013;13(1):208.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Rauscher GH, Khan JA, Berbaum ML, Conant EF. Potentially missed detection with screening mammography: does the quality of radiologist’s interpretation vary by patient socioeconomic advantage/disadvantage? Ann Epidemiol. 2013;23(4):210–4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Tejeda S, Darnell JS, Cho YI, Stolley MR, Markossian TW, Calhoun EA. Patient barriers to follow-up care for breast and cervical cancer abnormalities. J Women’s Health. 2013;22(6):507–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Silva A, Rauscher GH, Hoskins K, Rao R, Ferrans CE. Assessing racial/ethnic disparities in chemotherapy treatment among breast cancer patients in context of changing treatment guidelines. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;142(3):667–72.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kaiser K, Cameron KA, Curry G, Stolley M. Black women’s awareness of breast cancer disparity and perceptions of the causes of disparity. J Community Health. 2013;38(4):766–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Peek ME, Sayad JV, Markwardt R. Fear, fatalism and breast cancer screening in low-income African-American women: the role of clinicians and the health care system. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(11):1847–53.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Rauscher GH, Ferrans CE, Kaiser K, Campbell RT, Calhoun EE, Warnecke RB. Misconceptions about breast lumps and delayed medical presentation in urban breast cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19(3):640–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Ferrans C, Rauscher G, Akpan B, et al. Cultural beliefs contributing to disparities in later-stage breast cancer among newly diagnosed African-American, Latina, and Caucasian women. Paper presented at: Oncology Nursing Forum2007.

  53. Simon MA, Ragas DM, Nonzee NJ, Phisuthikul AM, Luu TH, Dong X. Perceptions of patient-provider communication in breast and cervical cancer-related care: a qualitative study of low-income English-and Spanish-speaking women. J Community Health. 2013;38(4):707–15.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Barrett RE, Cho YI, Weaver KE, Ryu K, Campbell RT, Dolecek TA, et al. Neighborhood change and distant metastasis at diagnosis of breast cancer. Ann Epidemiol. 2008;18(1):43–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Tarlov E, Zenk SN, Campbell RT, Warnecke RB, Block R. Characteristics of mammography facility locations and stage of breast cancer at diagnosis in Chicago. J Urban Health. 2009;86(2):196–213.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Zenk SN, Tarlov E, Sun J. Spatial equity in facilities providing low-or no-fee screening mammography in Chicago neighborhoods. J Urban Health. 2006;83(2):195–210.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Kim S, Chukwudozie B, Calhoun E. Sociodemographic characteristics, distance to the clinic, and breast cancer screening results. J Health Dispar Res Pract. 2013;6(1):70.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Ansell D, Grabler P, Whitman S, Ferrans C, Burgess-Bishop J, Murray LR, et al. A community effort to reduce the black/white breast cancer mortality disparity in Chicago. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(9):1681–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Thompson B, Molina Y, Viswanath K, Warnecke R, Prelip ML. Strategies to empower communities to reduce health disparities. Health Aff. 2016;35(8):1424–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Markossian TW, Calhoun EA. Are breast cancer navigation programs cost-effective? Evidence from the Chicago Cancer Navigation Project. Health Policy. 2011;99(1):52–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Markossian TW, Darnell JS, Calhoun EA. Follow-up and timeliness after an abnormal cancer screening among underserved, urban women in a patient navigation program. AACR; 2012.

  62. Molina Y, Kim SJ, Berrios N, Glassgow AE, San Miguel Y, Darnell JS, et al. Patient navigation improves subsequent breast cancer screening after a noncancerous result: evidence from the patient navigation in medically underserved areas study. J Women’s Health. 2018;27(3):317–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Molina Y, Glassgow AE, Kim SJ, Berrios NM, Pauls H, Watson KS, et al. Patient navigation in medically underserved areas study design: a trial with implications for efficacy, effect modification, and full continuum assessment. Contemp Clin Trials. 2017;53:29–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Kim S, Molina Y, Glassgow AE, Berrios N, Guadamuz J, Calhoun E. The effects of navigation and types of neighborhoods on timely follow-up of abnormal mammogram among black women. Med Res Arch. 2015;2015(3)

  65. Allgood KL, Hunt B, Kanoon JM, Simon MA. Evaluation of mammogram parties as an effective community navigation method. J Cancer Educ. 2017:1–8.

  66. Hunt BR, Allgood KL, Kanoon JM, Benjamins MR. Keys to the successful implementation of community-based outreach and navigation: lessons from a breast health navigation program. J Cancer Educ. 2017;32(1):175–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Hunt BR, Allgood K, Sproles C, Whitman S. Metrics for the systematic evaluation of community-based outreach. J Cancer Educ. 2013;28(4):633–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Matthews AK, Berrios N, Darnell JS, Calhoun E. A qualitative evaluation of a faith-based breast and cervical cancer screening intervention for African American women. Health Educ Behav. 2006;33(5):643–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Gehlert S, Coleman R. Using community-based participatory research to ameliorate cancer disparities. Health Soc Work. 2010;35(4):302–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Shapiro LD, Thompson D, Calhoun E. Sustaining a safety net breast and cervical cancer detection program. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2006;17(2):20–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. President’s Appalachian Regional Commission. Appalachia: a report by the President’s Appalachian Regional Commission, 1964. Washington, DC. US Department of Commerce: 1966.

  72. Pollard K, Jacobsen LA. The Appalachian Region: a data overview from the 2011–2015 American Community Survey Appalachian Regional Commission;2017.

  73. Ohio Department of Health. Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System. 2018; https://www.odh.ohio.gov/health/cancer/ocisshs/reporting1.aspx. Accessed 25 Mar 2018.

  74. Ohio Department of Health, The Ohio State University. Breast cancer in Ohio, 2010–2014. 2017; https://www.odh.ohio.gov/health/cancer/ocisshs/reporting1.aspx. Accessed 25 Mar 2018.

  75. Vanderpool RC, Huang B. Cancer risk perceptions, beliefs, and physician avoidance in Appalachia: results from the 2008 HINTS Survey. J Health Commun. 2010;15(sup3):78–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Schoenberg NE, Kruger TM, Bardach S, Howell BM. Appalachian women’s perspectives on breast and cervical cancer screening. Rural Remote Health. 2013;13(3):2452.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Paskett ED, Fisher JL, Lengerich EJ, Schoenberg NE, Kennedy SK, Conn ME, et al. Disparities in underserved white populations: the case of cancer-related disparities in Appalachia. Oncologist. 2011;16(8):1072–81.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. Census Bureau. American FactFinder. 2016; https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/. Accessed March 20, 2018.

  79. Diebel J, Norda J, Kretchmer O. Statistical Atlas-Yakima County. 2009–2013; https://statisticalatlas.com/county/Washington/Yakima-County/Household-Income. Accessed 8 Apr 2018.

  80. John EM, Phipps AI, Davis A, Koo J. Migration history, acculturation, and breast cancer risk in Hispanic women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(12):2905–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Yost K, Perkins C, Cohen R, Morris C, Wright W. Socioeconomic status and breast cancer incidence in California for different race/ethnic groups. Cancer Causes Control. 2001;12(8):703–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Clegg LX, Reichman ME, Hankey BF, Miller BA, Lin YD, Johnson NJ, et al. Quality of race, Hispanic ethnicity, and immigrant status in population-based cancer registry data: implications for health disparity studies. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18(2):177–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Gomez SL, Glaser SL. Misclassification of race/ethnicity in a population-based Cancer registry (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17(6):771–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Rosenberg HM, Maurer JD, Sorlie PD, et al. Quality of death rates by race and Hispanic origin: a summary of current research, 1999. Vital and health statistics Series 2, Data evaluation and methods research. 1999(128):1–13.

  85. Williams DR. The health of US racial and ethnic populations. J Gerontol Ser B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2005;60(Special_Issue_2):S53–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Smith-Bindman R, Miglioretti DL, Lurie N, Abraham L, Barbash RB, Strzelczyk J, et al. Does utilization of screening mammography explain racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer? Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(8):541–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Smith EC, Ziogas A, Anton-Culver H. Delay in surgical treatment and survival after breast cancer diagnosis in young women by race/ethnicity. JAMA Surg. 2013;148(6):516–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Fedewa SA, Edge SB, Stewart AK, Halpern MT, Marlow NM, Ward EM. Race and ethnicity are associated with delays in breast cancer treatment (2003–2006). J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2011;22(1):128–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Fedewa SA, Ward EM, Stewart AK, Edge SB. Delays in adjuvant chemotherapy treatment among patients with breast cancer are more likely in African American and Hispanic populations: a national cohort study 2004–2006. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(27):4135–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Hershman DL, Shao T, Kushi LH, Buono D, Tsai WY, Fehrenbacher L, et al. Early discontinuation and non-adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy are associated with increased mortality in women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;126(2):529–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Bickell NA, Wang JJ, Oluwole S, Schrag D, Godfrey H, Hiotis K, et al. Missed opportunities: racial disparities in adjuvant breast cancer treatment. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(9):1357–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Livaudais JC, Hershman DL, Habel L, Kushi L, Gomez SL, Li CI, et al. Racial/ethnic differences in initiation of adjuvant hormonal therapy among women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;131(2):607–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Sprague BL, Trentham-Dietz A, Gangnon RE, Ramchandani R, Hampton JM, Robert SA, et al. Socioeconomic status and survival after an invasive breast cancer diagnosis. Cancer. 2011;117(7):1542–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Halpern MT, Bian J, Ward EM, Schrag NM, Chen AY. Insurance status and stage of cancer at diagnosis among women with breast cancer. Cancer. 2007;110(2):403–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Harper S, Lynch J, Meersman SC, Breen N, Davis WW, Reichman MC. Trends in area-socioeconomic and race-ethnic disparities in breast cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, screening, mortality, and survival among women ages 50 years and over (1987–2005). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009;18(1):121–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Molina Y, Hohl SD, Ko LK, Rodriguez EA, Thompson B, Beresford SAA. Understanding the patient-provider communication needs and experiences of Latina and non-Latina white women following an abnormal mammogram. J Cancer Educ. 2014;29(4):781–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  97. Israel BA, Schulz AJ, Parker EA, Becker AB. Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annu Rev Public Health. 1998;19(1):173–202.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Livaudais JC, Coronado GD, Espinoza N, Islas I, Ibarra G, Thompson B. Educating Hispanic women about breast cancer prevention: evaluation of a home-based promotora-led intervention. J Women's Health. 2010;19(11):2049–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Scheel JR, Molina Y, Briant KJ, Ibarra G, Lehman CD, Thompson B. Latinas’ mammography intention following a home-based promotores-led intervention. J Community Health. 2015;40(6):1185–92.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  100. Molina Y, Hohl S, Nguyen M, et al. Ethnic differences in social support after initial receipt of an abnormal mammogram. Cult Divers Ethn Minor Psychol. 2016;22:588–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Alferi SM, Carver CS, Antoni MH, Weiss S, Durán RE. An exploratory study of social support, distress, and life disruption among low-income Hispanic women under treatment for early stage breast cancer. Health Psychol. 2001;20(1):41–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Lopez-Class M, Perret-Gentil M, Kreling B, Caicedo L, Mandelblatt J, Graves KD. Quality of life among immigrant Latina breast cancer survivors: realities of culture and enhancing cancer care. J Cancer Educ. 2011;26(4):724–33.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. Ceballos RM, Molina Y, Malen RC, Ibarra G, Escareno M, Marchello N. Design, development, and feasibility of a Spanish-language cancer survivor support group. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(7):2145–55.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  104. Cooper GS, Kou TD, Dor A, Koroukian SM, Schluchter MD. Cancer preventive services, socioeconomic status, and the Affordable Care Act. Cancer. 2017;123(9):1585–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Cooper GS, Kou TD, Schluchter MD, Dor A, Koroukian SM. Changes in receipt of cancer screening in Medicare beneficiaries following the Affordable Care Act. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108(5):djv374.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Ku L, Bysshe T, Steinmetz E, Bruen BK. Health reform, medicaid expansions, and women’s cancer screening. Women’s Health Issues. 2016;26(3):256–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Ward E, Halpern M, Schrag N, Cokkinides V, DeSantis C, Bandi P, et al. Association of insurance with cancer care utilization and outcomes. CA Cancer J Clin. 2008;58(1):9–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Battaglia TA, Bak SM, Heeren T, et al. Boston patient navigation research program: the impact of navigation on time to diagnostic resolution after abnormal cancer screening. AACR. 2012;

  109. Phillips CE, Rothstein JD, Beaver K, Sherman BJ, Freund KM, Battaglia TA. Patient navigation to increase mammography screening among inner city women. J Gen Intern Med. 2011;26(2):123–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Beti Thompson.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Sarah D. Hohl was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute (T32CA092508).

Electra D. Paskett has received a grant from Merck and is a stockholder of Pfizer.

Beti Thompson, Yamile Molina, James L. Fisher, Ryan D. Baltic, and Chasity M. Washington declare no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Global Breast Cancer

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Thompson, B., Hohl, S.D., Molina, Y. et al. Breast Cancer Disparities Among Women in Underserved Communities in the USA. Curr Breast Cancer Rep 10, 131–141 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12609-018-0277-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12609-018-0277-8

Keywords

Navigation