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Relationship between Social Support, Sarcopenia, and Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults

  • Original Research
  • Published:
The journal of nutrition, health & aging

Abstract

Background

Cognitive impairment and sarcopenia have become important challenges for the growing aging population. Social support has been shown to protect against cognitive impairment, but its impact on sarcopenia remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between social support, sarcopenia, and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults.

Method

A multi-stage whole group sampling method was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 720 community-dwelling older people in Shanghai. The definition of sarcopenia was in accordance with the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019. Cognitive impairment was evaluated using a computerized neuropsychological assessment device that had been previously validated. Social support was assessed using the Social Support Rate Scale. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between social support cognitive impairment and sarcopenia, fully adjusting for all potential confounding factors.

Results

Our study found that 230 (31.94%) of the participants had cognitive impairment and 97 (13.47%) of the participants had sarcopenia. The mean social support score was 35.10 ± 7.54. Besides, the results showed that cognitive impairment was associated with sarcopenia (OR:1.650, 95% CI: 1.048, 2.596, P=0.030) after adjusting for confounding factors. Older adults with high level social support had the lowest risk of cognitive impairment (OR: 0.297, 95% CI: 0.115, 0.680, P=0.021) and sarcopenia (OR: 0.113, 95% CI: 0.031, 0.407, P=0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

Our analysis revealed that high level social support was negatively associated with sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. These findings provide strong support for the health promotion effect of social networks against sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in Chinese community-dwelling older adults, with important implications for healthcare policy makers.

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Acknowledgements: We are thankful to all the subjects who participated in this study.

Funding

Funding: This research was funded by Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, grant number (2020YJZX0139), National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number (72293585) and Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, grant number (YG2022QN011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    D. Bian, X. Li, Y. **ao, K. Song & G. Li

  2. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rui** Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    D. Bian

  3. Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Shanghai Rui** Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    L. Wang

  4. Department of Nutrition, College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    J. Shen, M. Aimaiti & X. Ma

  5. Center for Health Technology Assessment, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    C. Shi

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Contributions

Author Contributions: Conceptualization, D.B., G.L. and L.W.; methodology, D.B., G.L.; formal analysis, D.B. and Y.X.; investigation, D.B., X.L.; K.S., M.Y., X.M., J.S.; writing—original draft preparation, D.B.; writing—review and editing, G.L. and C.S.; visualization, X.L. and D.B.; project administration, G.L. funding acquisition, G.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to C. Shi or G. Li.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Human Ethics Research Committee of School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (No. SJUPN202008). We confirmed that all methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations to protect human subjects. All participants read and signed written informed consent forms.

Conflict of interest: All authors have no conflicts of interest.

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Bian, D., Li, X., **ao, Y. et al. Relationship between Social Support, Sarcopenia, and Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 27, 726–733 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-023-1973-2

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