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Association of Dietary Variety and Appetite with Sleep Quality in Urban-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults

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The journal of nutrition, health & aging

Abstract

Objectives

Although it has been shown that specific foods and nutrients are associated with sleep quality, few studies have examined the association of dietary variety and appetite with sleep quality in older adults.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional study was conducted that examined the association of dietary variety and appetite with sleep quality in Japanese adults aged ≥70 years who resided in the metropolitan area of Tokyo, Japan.

Participants

Data were collected in two steps: a mailed interview survey and an on-site survey. Those who responded to the surveys and met the inclusion criteria were included.

Measurements

Dietary variety, appetite, and sleep quality were assessed using a Dietary Variety Score (DVS), Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ) score, and sleep efficiency, respectively. The sleep efficiency is the ratio of sleep duration to total time in bed (retiring time-awakening time). We defined the individuals with a sleep efficiency less than 75% as having poor sleep quality.

Results

Mean DVS and CNAQ score were 3.8 and 29.6 points, respectively. The rate of individuals with poor sleep quality was 11.7%. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratios (OR) for low sleep efficiency in the middle and highest group categories of the DVS were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54–1.29) and 0.50 (95% CI, 0.28–0.90), respectively, in reference to the lowest group category (p for trend = 0.023). The OR for low sleep efficiency in the middle and highest group categories of the CNAQ score were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.47–1.14) and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.30–0.96), respectively, in reference to the lowest group category (p for trend = 0.031).

Conclusions

The higher DVS and CNAQ scores were significantly associated with higher sleep efficiency. Thus, dietary variety and good appetite might help maintain good sleep quality in urban-dwelling older Japanese adults.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to the study participants and to the staff of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology for their important contributions. This research was supported by grants from ARKRAY, Inc., the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (H27-Choju-Ippan-005), the Mitsubishi Research Institute, the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology and the Funded Research of Tokyo Metropolitan Government (27Fukuho2254).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan

    K. Yamamoto, T. Yoshizaki, T. Yano & Y. Watanabe

  2. Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan

    K. Yamamoto, Keiko Motokawa, H. Hirano, Y. Ohara, M. Shirobe, H. Inagaki, S. Awata, S. Shinkai & Y. Watanabe

  3. Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan

    Y. Watanabe

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  1. K. Yamamoto
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Contributions

Authors’ Contributions: S.A., S.S., Y.W., and H.I. designed the survey. K.K., H.H., Y.O., M.S., H.I., S.A., S.S and Y.W. collected the data. K.Y. completed the study design and data analysis and drafted the manuscript. KIM., T. Yoshizaki., T. Yano., H.H., Y.O., M.S., H.I., S.A., S.S and Y.W reviewed the manuscript. K.M. had primary responsibility for final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Keiko Motokawa.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest: Dr. Yamamoto, Dr. Motokawa, Dr. Yoshizaki, Dr. Yano, Dr. Hirano, Dr. Ohara, Dr. Shirobe, Dr. Inagaki have nothing to disclose. Dr. Awata reports grants from The Funded Research of Tokyo Metropolitan Government (27Fukuho2254), during the conduct of the study; Dr. Shinkai reports grants from the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, during the conduct of the study; Dr. Watanabe reports grants from Mitsubishi Research Institute, grants from ARKRAY, Inc., grants from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (H27-Choju-Ippan-005), during the conduct of the study.

Ethical Standards: The ethics committee at Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology approved this study, which complies with the current laws of Japan.

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Yamamoto, K., Motokawa, K., Yoshizaki, T. et al. Association of Dietary Variety and Appetite with Sleep Quality in Urban-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 24, 152–159 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-019-1297-4

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