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Lactobacillus salivarius NK02: a Potent Probiotic for Clinical Application in Mouthwash

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Abstract

A specific strain of naturally occurring oral lactobacilli was isolated and identified based on morphological, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The phylogenetic affiliation of the isolate confirmed that the NK02 strain had close association with the Lactobacillus salivarius. An effective mouthwash was developed for treatment of periodontitis and suppression of the indicator bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans which is an obvious pathogen of periodontal disease. The mouthwash containing L. salivarius NK02 was tested at a dose level of 108 (colony forming units (CFU) ml−1), monitoring over a period of 4 weeks. The study was a randomized double-blind placebo control trial, and the patients were treated in two groups of control and test by using scaling and root planing (SRP) + placebo and scaling and root planing (SRP) + probiotic, respectively. It appeared that the probiotic mouthwash was able to inhibit the bacterial growth on both saliva and sub-gingival crevice and exhibited antibacterial activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans. The results also showed that SRP+ probiotic treatment led to a significant decrease of gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with that of SRP + placebo for the probiotic group. The rate of decrease in pocket depth was displayed in the group with SRP + probiotic treatment equal to 1/2 mm, and probing pocket depth (PPD) value was decreased in the probiotic bacteria treatment group that can explain the decrease in inflammation in gingiva. Our findings suggest that probiotic mouthwash is healthy for daily use as an alternative for maintaining dental and periodontal health.

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Author notes

  1. Neda Sajedinejad and Mojgan Paknejad equally contributed.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Neda Sajedinejad & Mojgan Paknejad

  2. Division of Environmental & Industrial Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran

    Neda Sajedinejad, Hakimeh Sharafi, Hossein Shahbani Zahiri & Kambiz Akbari Noghabi

  3. Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Neda Sajedinejad & Reza Jelodar

  4. Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Behzad Houshmand

Authors
  1. Neda Sajedinejad
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  2. Mojgan Paknejad
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  3. Behzad Houshmand
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  4. Hakimeh Sharafi
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  6. Hossein Shahbani Zahiri
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  7. Kambiz Akbari Noghabi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kambiz Akbari Noghabi.

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Ethical Approval

The study was autonomously reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, the review board. Our clinical trial was registered in IRCT and allocated a unique code as follows: IRCT201201258825N1.

Funding

The current work was supported by the National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research & Technology (IMSRT), Iran.

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Informed Consent

The present study was conducted in full accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and a written consent form signed by all the subjects or the parents in case the participants were under 18.

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Sajedinejad, N., Paknejad, M., Houshmand, B. et al. Lactobacillus salivarius NK02: a Potent Probiotic for Clinical Application in Mouthwash. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 10, 485–495 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9296-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9296-4

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