Abstract
In this paper, in order to identify the formation mechanism of duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions in steel, based on the two heats of commercial Ca-treated resulfurized steel, the characteristics of duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions in bars, blooms and CaO-Al2O3 oxides in molten steel were observed and analyzed. The results indicate that there are three types of duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions in steel. The first type with over 20% Ca in (Ca,Mn)S is named as “Type-C”, the second with 4–20% Ca in (Ca,Mn)S is named as “Type-MC” and the third with below 4% Ca in (Ca,Mn)S is named as “Type-M”. Their core oxides are mainly Ca-Mg–Al-O oxides. The aspect ratios of duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions in bars decrease as Ca content in (Ca,Mn)S increases. From Type-M to Type-C, CaO content in core oxides increases, and Ca content in wrap** (Ca,Mn)S increases. The shape of duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions can be controlled through controlling CaO content in core oxides. During solidification, CaO-Al2O3 oxides become as heterogeneous nucleation cores of MnS inclusions, duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions forming in this way, and Ca in wrap** (Ca,Mn)S come from CaO in core oxides. The higher CaO content in core oxides, the higher Ca content in wrap** (Ca,Mn)S. Under the condition with specific Ca/S ratio in steel, to obtain more duplex (Ca,Mn)S inclusions, numbers of Type-C should be decreased, and numbers of Type-MC and Type-M should be increased. To achieve this goal, the key is to obtain larger numbers of CaO-Al2O3 oxides with lower CaO and smaller sizes in molten steel.
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The authors were grateful for support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51874034). The authors also appreciate the Shaoguan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. for the technical help.
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Li, Y., Cheng, G., Lu, J. et al. Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Duplex (Ca,Mn)S Inclusions in Commercial Ca-Treated Resulfurized Steel. Met. Mater. Int. 29, 1019–1033 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01290-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-022-01290-w