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Rheological properties, mechanical characteristics, and microstructures of gangue-cemented paste backfill: Linking to loess doses

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Abstract

Efficient and sustainable development is the core of green mining. In this paper, natural loess (LO), fly ash (FA), gangue (GA), ordinary Portland cement (OPC), and mixing water were used to prepare gangue-cemented paste backfill (GCPB) for underground filling mining. To investigate the effect of partial replacement of FA with natural LO on GCPB performance, GCPB specimens with varying LO doses were produced. Rheological tests, slump tests, compression tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the rheological properties, macroscopic strength, and microstructural evolution of GCPB. The results of the experiments reveal that 1) the GCPB slurries were in accordance with the H-B model at various LO doses. The yield stress increased with increasing LO dose because the content of small particles increased. Specifically, the LO doses were positively correlated with the content of fine particles and yield stress. The increase in the amount of small particles resulted in a significant increase in their ability to absorb free water, an increase in particle friction, and an increase in yield stress. Moreover, the slump (219-276 mm) of the GCPB slurry increased and subsequently decreased as the LO dose increased. 2) With increasing curing time and decreasing LO dose, the UCS improved. The UCS with a curing time of 3 d showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing (due to the obvious influence of pore size) with increasing LO doses. In addition, the UCS decreased from 4.09 MPa (LF-1) to 2.15 MPa (LF-6) when the curing time was 28 d. The strength of the mine filling material was generally 1.5 MPa-2.0 MPa, and all the formulas can meet industrial requirements. 3) XRD and SEM had been used to examine the hydration products of GCPB samples. The hydration products of GCPB with LO doses were mostly composed of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), calcium aluminate hydrate (C-A-H), calcium hydroxide (CH), ettringite (AFt), and gismondite (CaAl2·Si2O8·4H2O). These hydration products with microporous low-density materials filled large pores and cemented them with GA particles, which improved the UCS of the GCPB specimens. Studying the rheological properties, mechanical properties, hydration products, and microstructure of GCPBs is an important prerequisite for green mining.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52074208 and No. 51874230), Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province-Science and Technology Innovation Team Project (No. 2018TD-038), and Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (Shaanxi Coal Joint Fund) (No. 2019JLM-41).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Energy School, **’an University of Science and Technology, **’an, 710054, China

    Bingchao Zhao, Di Zhai, Yaxin Guo, **gbin Wang, Qimeng Wei, Hailong Wang & Renlong Tang

  2. Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazards Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, **’an, 710054, China

    Bingchao Zhao & Renlong Tang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China

    Jie **n

  4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100049, China

    Jie **n

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  1. Bingchao Zhao
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Correspondence to Bingchao Zhao or Jie **n.

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Responsible Editor: Zeynal Abiddin Erguler

Highlights

• The co-disposal of LO and FA as cementitious materials was proposed.

•The cementitious materials were used with GA to produce backfill materials.

• The rheological and mechanical properties of backfill materials were investigated.

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Zhao, B., Zhai, D., **n, J. et al. Rheological properties, mechanical characteristics, and microstructures of gangue-cemented paste backfill: Linking to loess doses. Arab J Geosci 15, 244 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-09472-x

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