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Plant Immunity: A Plastic System Operated Through Cell-Fate Transition

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Abstract

Plants are continuously exposed to pathogen challenges. To defend themselves, plants have developed sophisticated innate and induced immune responses. The recognition of invading pathogens by membrane-localized or intracellular receptors triggers a local immune response, but plants often also establish a systemic immunity throughout the entire plant body to confer broad-spectrum and long-lasting resistance to secondary infections. Both the local and systemic immune responses are regulated by several phytohormones, including jasmonic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid, which induce genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming to elicit effective immune responses. During this transcriptional reprogramming, epigenetic mechanisms are engaged to modulate chromatin structure and the accessibility of cis-elements to transcription factors. In this review, we first describe how the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana recognizes invading pathogens to trigger local and systemic immune responses. Next, we describe how phytohormones mediate transcriptional responses, establishing immunity. Finally, we review recent findings in the epigenetic aspect of immunity in Arabidopsis.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2021R1A2C1012064 and NRF-2021R1A5A1032428 to Y.-S.N. and NRF-2020R1A2C2008109 to B.N.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea

    Se-Hun Yun & Yoo-Sun Noh

  2. Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea

    Se-Hun Yun & Yoo-Sun Noh

  3. Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea

    Bosl Noh

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  1. Se-Hun Yun
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  2. Bosl Noh
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S-HY and Y-SN wrote the manuscript with advice and supervision from BN.

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Correspondence to Yoo-Sun Noh.

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Yun, SH., Noh, B. & Noh, YS. Plant Immunity: A Plastic System Operated Through Cell-Fate Transition. J. Plant Biol. 66, 193–206 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-023-09386-5

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