SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of Fibre Loading on the Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Sugar Palm Fibre Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites

  • Published:
Fibers and Polymers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this research, the variation of mechanical properties (i.e. tensile, flexural and impact strength), physical properties (i.e. water absorption, SEM and thickness swelling) and thermal properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced vinyl ester composites were investigated. The composites with different fibre content, which are 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 40 wt.%, were prepared. The additions of sugar palm fibres to vinyl ester reduce tensile and flexural strength of the composites, which are 25.1 MPa (10 wt.%), 12.5 MPa (20 wt.%), 9.7 MPa (30 wt.%) and 6.1 MPa (40 wt.%) for tensile strength, while for flexural strength, the results recorded 48.5 MPa, 24 MPa, 18.8 MPa and 2.5 MPa for 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 40 wt.%. However, sugar palm fibres improve impact strength of the composites especially at 30 wt% with 5.4 kJ/m2. The addition of sugar palm fibres also raise the water absorption and thickness swelling of the composites as the presence of fibres in the composites increase water retained in the composites. Besides that, thermal stability of the composites also reduces by the addition of the sugar palm fibres that shows the onset temperature of thermal degradation of 10 wt.% was at 270.83 °C, while 40 wt.% was at 196.67 °C.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B. D. Agarwal, L. J. Broutman, and K. Chandrashekhara in “Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites”, 3rd ed. (B. D. Agarwal, L. J. Broutman, and K. Chandrashekhara Eds.), Wiley India, New Delhi, 2006.

  2. D. Bachtiar, S. M. Sapuan, E. S. Zainudin, A. Khalina, and K. Z. M. Dahlan, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 11, 12012 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. M. R. M. Huzaifah, S. M. Sapuan, Z. Leman, M. R. Ishak, and M. A. Maleque, Multidiscip. Model. Mater. Struct., 13, 678 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. M. R. Ishak, S. M. Sapuan, Z. Leman, M. Z. A. Rahman, and U. M. K. Anwar, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 109, 981 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Sahari, S. M. Sapuan, Z. N. Ismarrubie, and M. Z. A. Rahman, Key Eng. Mater., 411, 502 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Sahari, S. M. Sapuan, Z. N. Ismarrubie, and M. Z. A. Rahman, Fibres Text. East. Eur., 91, 21 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Ali, A. B. Sanuddin, and S. Ezzeddin, Mater. Des., 31, 3550 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. M. Chalid and I. Prabowo, Int. J. Chem. Mol. Nucl. Mater. Metall. Eng., 9, 342 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  9. K. Diharjo, S. H. Setiajit, S. Rojikin, H. I. Akbar, I. T. Maulana, D. M. Natsir, and Y. Waloyo, Int. Conf. Eng. Sc. Nanotech., 1788, 30050 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Z. Leman, S. M. Sapuan, M. Azwan, M. M. H. M. Ahmad, and M. A. Maleque, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 47, 606 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. J. Mogea, B. Seibert, and W. Smits, Agrofor. Syst., 13, 111 (1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M. L. Sanyang, S. M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, M. R. Ishak, and J. Sahari, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 54, 533 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. P. A. Khudur, O. S. Zaroog, B. A. Khidir, and Z. S. Radif, Int. J. Sci. Res., 2, 273 (2013).

    Google Scholar 

  14. D. Bachtiar, S. M. Sapuan, E. S. Zainudin, A. Khalina, and K. Z. M. Dahlan, BioResources, 6, 4815 (2011).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. W. Z. W. Zahari, R. N. R. L. Badri, H. Ardyananta, D. Kurniawan, and F. M. Nor, Procedia Manuf., 2, 573 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. H. Y. Sastra, J. P. Siregar, S. M. Sapuan, and M. M. Hamdan, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 45, 149 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. O. Faruk, A. K. Bledzki, H. Fink, and M. Sain, Prog. Polym. Sci., 37, 1552 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. C. Manickam, J. Kumar, A. Athijayamani, and N. Diwahar, J. Eng. Res., 3, 97 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. N. Sarifuddin, H. Ismail, and Z. Ahmad, BioResources, 7, 4294 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  20. F. Yao, Q. Wu, Y. Lei, and Y. Xu, Ind. Crops Prod., 28, 63 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Y. A. El-Shekeil, S. M. Sapuan, K. Abdan, and E. S. Zainudin, Mater. Des., 40, 299 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Ojha, G. Raghavendra, and S. K. Acharya, JOM, 2, 6 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  23. X. Li, L. G. Tabil, S. Panigrahi, and W. J. Crerar, Can. Biosyst. Eng., 1 (2006).

  24. A. K. Mohanty, M. A. Khan, and G. Hinrichsen, Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 31, 143 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. I. S. Aji, E. S. Zainudin, A. Khalina, S. M. Sapuan, and M. D. Khairul, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 30, 546 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. N. A. Sri Aprilia, H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, A. H. Bhat, R. Dungani, and M. S. Hossain, BioResources, 9, 4888 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. M. S. Ibrahim, S. M. Sapuan, and A. A. Faieza, J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 2, 133 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. M. Haque, M. Hasan, M. S. Islam, and M. E. Ali, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 4903 (2009).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. H. Ismail, R. M. Jaffri, and H. D. Rozman, J. Elastomers Plast., 35, 181 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. M. R. M. Huzaifah, S. M. Sapuan, Z. Leman, and M. R. Ishak, BioResources, 12, 9366 (2017).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Sahari, S. M. Sapuan, E. S. Zainudin, and M. A. Maleque, Procedia Chem., 4, 254 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. M. S. Jamil, I. Ahmad, and I. Abdullah, J. Polym. Res., 13, 315 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. H. S. Yang, H. J. Kim, H. J. Park, B. J. Lee, and T. S. Hwang, Compos. Struct., 72, 429 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. H. S. Yang, H. J. Kim, H. J. Park, B. J. Lee, and T. S. Hwang, Compos. Struct., 77, 45 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. K. L. Pickering, M. G. A. Efendy, and T. M. Le, Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 83, 98 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. B. H. Lee, H. J. Kim, and W. R. Yu, Fiber. Polym., 10, 83 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. S. O. Adeosun, O. P. Gbenebor, E. I. Akpan, and F. A. Udeme, Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 41, 4153 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. M. Radzi, S. M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, and M. R. Mansor, Fiber. Polym., 18, 1353 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. M. S. Sreekala, J. George, M. G. Kumaran, and S. Thomas, Compos. Sci. Technol., 62, 339 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. R. Nadlene, S. M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, M. R. Ishak, and L. Yusriah, Polym. Compos., 1 (2016).

  41. R. Jumaidin, S. M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, M. R. Ishak, and J. Sahari, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 97, 606 (2017).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. M. R. Ishak, Z. Leman, S. M. Sapuan, M. Y. Salleh, and S. Misri, Int. J. Mech. Mater. Eng., 4, 316 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  43. M. F. Munoz-Velez, M. A. Hidalgo-Salazar, and J. H. Mina-Hernandez, Polymers (Basel), 10, 1050 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. M. N. Norizan, K. Abdan, M. S. Salit, and R. Mohamed, J. Phys. Sci., 28, 115 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. F. Z. Arrakhiz, M. E. Achaby, M. Malha, M. O. Bensalah, O. Fassi-Fehri, R. Bohfid, K. Benmoussa, and A. Qaiss, Mater. Des., 43, 200 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. R. Nadlene, S. M. Sapuan, M. Jawaid, M. R. Ishak, and L. Yusriah, BioResources, 10, 1803 (2015).

    Google Scholar 

  47. M. R. Ishak, S. M. Sapuan, Z. Leman, M. Z. A. Rahman, and U. M. K. Anwar, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 109, 981 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. H. Yang, R. Yan, H. Chen, D. H. Lee, and C. Zheng, Fuel, 86, 1781 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. R. Vanholme, B. Demedts, K. Morreel, J. Ralph, and W. Boerjan, Plant Physiol., 153, 895 (2010).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. D. Ray, B. K. Sarkar, R. K. Basak, and A. K. Rana, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 94, 123 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. V. Alvarez, E. Rodriguez, and A. Vazquez, J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 85, 383 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. S. Mohanty, S. K. Verma, and S. K. Nayak, Compos. Sci. Technol., 66, 538 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. T. P. Sathishkumar, P. Navaneethakrishnan, and S. Shankar, Compos. Sci. Technol., 72, 1183 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Z. Leman, S. M. Sapuan, A. M. Saifol, M. A. Maleque, and M. M. H. M. Ahmad, Mater. Des., 29, 1666 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. D. Bachtiar, S. M. Sapuan, and M. M. Hamdan, Mater. Des., 29, 1285 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTRUP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM 43400, Malaysia

    M. R. M. Huzaifah

  2. Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    S. M. Sapuan & Z. Leman

  3. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM 43400, Malaysia

    M. R. Ishak

Authors
  1. M. R. M. Huzaifah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. M. Sapuan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Z. Leman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. R. Ishak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. M. Sapuan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Huzaifah, M.R.M., Sapuan, S.M., Leman, Z. et al. Effect of Fibre Loading on the Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Sugar Palm Fibre Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites. Fibers Polym 20, 1077–1084 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-1040-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-1040-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation