SpringerLink
Log in

Characteristics of dust-collection efficiency and ozone emission by high-voltage electrode shape of electrostatic precipitator for subway tunnel environment

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The air pollution level of particulate matters in subway tunnel environments is severe. The present study conducted experimental measurements and analyses on dust-collection efficiencies and ozone emission rates in a lab-scale wind tunnel to determine a high-voltage electrode shape suitable for an electrostatic precipitator to remove airborne particles in subway tunnels. Six high-voltage electrode shapes (saw-type, few-saw-type, short-saw-type, tree-type, wave-type, and spike-type) were tested. The results indicate that while breakdown voltage of the spike-type high-voltage electrode was 66 % of other electrode shapes, its dust-collection efficiency per unit voltage was similar to that of other electrode shapes. However, the dust-collection efficiency per unit of power in the spike-type high-voltage electrode was significantly low. Moreover, the wave-type high-voltage electrode shape had 20 % lower dust-collection efficiency than the saw-type and tree-type high-voltage electrode shapes under conditions of low voltage and high flow velocities. Ozone emission rates for all shapes increased proportionally to the electric current. However, ozone emission rates for each high-voltage electrode shape are varied as 12–23 μg/s per mA. The saw-type and tree-type high-voltage electrode shapes were superior in terms of dust collection, 90 % collection efficiency was shown at about 1.5 W/(m/s)2. The saw-type had a lower ozone emission rate (16.4 μg/s per mA) than the tree-type (19.6 μg/s per mA). Thus, the saw-type shape was the most suitable as a high-voltage electrode in the electrostatic precipitator for removing airborne particles in a subway. The results also indicate that both dust-collection efficiencies and ozone emission rates should be evaluated concurrently when evaluating electrostatic precipitator high-voltage electrodes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

η i :

Collection efficiency

C dw,i :

Downstream particle number concentration

C up,i :

Upstream particle number concentration

d p :

Particle diameter

k :

Boltzmann constant

T :

Kelvin temperature

K E :

Constant of proportionality

E :

Electric field strength

Zi :

Mobility of the ions

ɛ :

Relative permittivity

M :

Molecular weight

N :

Volume of air per one mole

References

  1. C. Johansson and P. A. Johansson, Particulate matter in the underground of Stockholm, Atmospheric Environment, 37 (2003) 3–9.

    Google Scholar 

  2. H. L. Karlsson, L. Nilsson and L. Moller, Subway particles are more genotoxic than street particles and induce oxidative stress in cultured human lung cells, Chemical Research in Toxicology, 18 (2005) 19–23.

    Google Scholar 

  3. G. D. Pfeifer, R. M. Harrison and D. R. Lynam, Personal exposures to airborne metals in London taxi drivers and office workers in 1995 and 1996, The Science of The Total Environment, 235 (1999) 253–260.

    Google Scholar 

  4. H. J. Jung, B. W. Kim, J. Y. Ryu, S. Maskey, J. C. Kim, J. Sohn and C. U. Ro, Source identification of particulate matter collected at underground subway stations in Seoul, Korea using quantitative single-particle analysis, Atmospheric Environment, 44 (2010) 2287–2293.

    Google Scholar 

  5. P. Aarnio, T. Yli-Tuomi, A. Kousa, T. Makela, A. Hirosikko, K. Hameri, M. Raisanen, R. Hillamo, T. Koskentalo and M. Jantunen, The concentrations and composition of and exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in the Helsinki subway system, Atmospheric Environment, 39 (2005) 5059–5066.

    Google Scholar 

  6. I. Salma, T. Weidinger and W. Maenhaut, Time-resolved mass concentration, composition and sources of aerosol particles in a metropolitan underground railway station, Atmospheric Environment, 41 (2007) 8391–8405.

    Google Scholar 

  7. B. W. Kim, H. J. Jung, Y. C. Song, M. J. Lee, H. K. Kim, J. C. Kim, J. Sohn and C. U. Ro, Characterization of summertime aerosol particles collected at subway stations in Seoul, Korea using low-z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment, 4 (2) (2010) 97–105.

    Google Scholar 

  8. H. J. Jung, B. W. Kim, M. A. Malek, Y. S. Koo, J. H. Jung, Y. S. Son, J. C. Kim, H. K. Kim and C. U. Ro, Chemical speciation of size-segregated floor dusts and airborne magnetic particles collected at underground subway stations in Seoul, Korea, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 213–214 (2012) 331–340.

    Google Scholar 

  9. K. B. Lee, J. S. Park, M. D. Oh, S. J. Bae and S. D. Kim, Field measurement and estimation of ventilation flow rates by using train-induced flow rate through subway vent shafts, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 28 (7) (2014) 2677–2686.

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. Kim, H. Kim, S. B. Kwon, S. Y. Kim, J. K. Kim, C. H. Shin, S. J. Bae, S. H. Hwang and T. Kim, Numerical analysis of axial-flow cyclone separator for subway station HVAC system pre-filter, International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration, 17 (3) (2009) 94–99.

    Google Scholar 

  11. S. Tokarek and A. Bernis, An example of particle concentration reduction in Parisian subway stations by electrostatic precipitation, Environmental Technology, 27 (2006) 1279–1287.

    Google Scholar 

  12. M. Juraeva, K. J. Ryu, S. Jeong and D. J. Song, Effect of guide vanes on recovering uniform flow in a ventilation duct in an existing twin-track subway tunnel, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 29 (1) (2015) 251–258.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. B. Sim, S. H. Woo, W. G. Kim, S. J. Yook, J. B. Kim, G. N. Bae and H. H. Yoon, Performance estimation of a louver dust collector attached to the bottom of a subway train running in a tunnel, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17 (2017) 1954–1962.

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. B. Sim, S. H. Woo, W. G. Kim, S. J. Yook, J. B. Kim, G. N. Bae and S. G. Oh, Baffle dust collector for removing particles from a subway tunnel during the passage of a train, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 32 (3) (2018) 1415–1421.

    Google Scholar 

  15. K. R. Parker, Applied Electrostatic Precipitation, Chapman and Hall (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  16. S. H. Kim and K. W. Lee, Experimental study of electrostatic precipitator performance and comparison with existing theoretical prediction models, Journal of Electrostatics, 48 (1999) 3–25.

    Google Scholar 

  17. M. Jedrusik, A. Swierczok and R. Teissevre, Experimental study of fly ash precipitation in a model electrostatic precipitator with discharge electrodes of different design, Powder Technology, –136 (2003) 295–301.

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. R. Talaie, Mathematical modeling of wire-duct single-stage electrostatic precipitators, Journal of Hazardous Materials, B124 (2005) 44–52.

    Google Scholar 

  19. J. Podlinski, J. Dekowski, J. Mizeraczyk, D. Brocilo and J. Chang, Electrohydrodynamic gas flow in a positive polarity wire-plate electrostatic precipitator and the related dust particle collection efficiency, Journal of Electrostatics, 64 (2006) 259–262.

    Google Scholar 

  20. P. Podlinski, A. Niewulis and J. Mizeraczyk, Electrohydrodynamic flow and particle collection efficiency of a spike-plate type electrostatic precipitator, Journal of Electrostatics, 67 (2009) 99–104.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Z. Jibao, S. Yao, Z. Xuming, Y. Hui and Y. Ke**, Current density and efficiency of a novel Lab ESP for fine particles collection, 11th International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation (2009) 65–70.

    Google Scholar 

  22. N. Farnoosh, K. Adamiak and G. S. P. Castle, Numerical calculations of submicron particle removal in a spike-plate electrostatic precipitator, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 18 (5) (2011) 1439–1452.

    Google Scholar 

  23. T. Y. Wen, I. Krichtafovitch and A. V. Mamishev, Numerical study of electrostatic precipitators with novel particle-trap** mechanism, Journal of Aerosol Science, 95 (2016) 95–103.

    Google Scholar 

  24. C. Son, W. Lee, D. Jung, D. Lee, C. Byon and W. Kim, Use of an electrostatic precipitator with wet-porous electrode arrays for removal of air pollution at a precision manufacturing facility, Journal of Aerosol Science, 100 (2016) 118–128.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Z. He, E. T. Mohan Dass and G. Karthik, Design of electrostatic precipitator to remove suspended micro particulate matter from gas turbine inlet airflow: Part I. Experimental study, Journal of Aerosol Science, 108 (2017) 14–28.

    Google Scholar 

  26. S. Sander, S. Gawor and U. Fritsching, Separating polydis-perse particles using electrostatic precipitators with wire and spiked-wire discharge electrode design, Paiticuology, 38 (2018) 10–17.

    Google Scholar 

  27. M. Kim, G. T. Lim, Y. J. Kim, B. Han, C. G. Woo and H. J. Kim, A novel electrostatic precipitator-type small air purifier with a carbon fiber ionizer and an activated carbon fiber filter, Journal of Aerosol Science, 117 (2018) 63–73.

    Google Scholar 

  28. J. Podlinski, A. Berendt and J. Mizeraczyk, Electrohydrodynamic secondary flow and particle collection efficiency in spike-plate multi-electrode electrostatic precipitator, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 20 (2013) 1481–1488.

    Google Scholar 

  29. H. Kawakami, A. Zukeran, K. Yasumoto, T. Inui, Y. Enami, Y. Ehara and T. Yamamoto, Numerical simulation of three-dimensional particle migration and electrohydrodynamics of double cylinder electrostatic precipitator, International Journal of Plasma Environment Science and Technology, 6 (2) (2012) 104–110.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Ehara, D. Yagishita, T. Yamamoto, A. Zukeran and K. Yasumoto, Relationship between discharge electrode geometry and ozone concentration in electrostatic precipitator, 11th International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation (2008) 670–673.

    Google Scholar 

  31. ASHRAE, ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals: Chapter 11. Air contaminants, American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  32. M. Lippmann, Health effects of ozone a critical review, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 39 (1989) 672–695.

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. Mizuno, Electrostatic precipitation, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 7 (5) (2000) 615–624.

    Google Scholar 

  34. T. M. Peters, H. M. Cheinand and D. A. Lundgren, Comparison and combination of aerosol size distribution measured with a low pressure impactor, differential mobility particle sizer, electrical aerosol analyzer, and aerodynamic particle sizer, Aerosol Science and Technology, 19 (1993) 396–405.

    Google Scholar 

  35. S. H. Woo, J. B. Kim, J. B. G. N. Bae, M. S. Hwang, G. H. Thak, H. H. Yoona and S. J. Yook, Investigation of diurnal pattern of generation and resuspension of particles induced by moving subway trains in an underground tunnel, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 19 (2018) 2240–2252.

    Google Scholar 

  36. W. C. Hinds, Aerosol Technology, Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., USA (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Z. Wang, S. M. King, E. Freney, T. Rosenoern, M. L. Smith, Q. Chen, M. Kuwata, E. R. Lewis, U. Poschl, W. Wang, P. R. Buseck and S. T. Martin, The dynamic shape factor of sodium chloride nanoparticles as regulated by drying rate, Aerosol Science and Technology, 44 (2010) 939–953.

    Google Scholar 

  38. K. H. Yoo, J. S. Lee and M. D. Oh, Charging and collection of submicron particles in two-stage parallel-plate electrostatic precipitators, Aerosol Science and Technology, 27 (1997) 308–323.

    Google Scholar 

  39. B. Szigeti, Polarisability and dielectric constant of ionic crystals, Transactions of the Faraday Society, 45 (1948) 155–166.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Y. S. Khodorkovsky and M. R. Beltran, Universal relationship between collection efficiency and the corona power of the electrostatic precipitator, International Society for Electrostatic Precipitation 10th, Australia (2006) 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  41. K. Yasumoto, A. Zukeran, Y. Takagi, Y. Ehara, T. Takahashi and T. Yamamoto, Effect of electrode thickness for reducing ozone generation in electrostatic precipitator, Electronics and Communications in Japan, 93 (7) (2010) 24–31.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Railway Technology Research Project, funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (18RTRP-B082486-05), Republic of Korea.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engine Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, Korea

    Sang-Hee Woo

  2. Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea

    Jae-In Lee, Jong Bum Kim, Gwi-Nam Bae & Seung-Bok Lee

  3. Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea

    Gwi-Nam Bae

  4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea

    Se-** Yook

  5. National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea

    Youhwan Shin

Authors
  1. Sang-Hee Woo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jae-In Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jong Bum Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Gwi-Nam Bae
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Seung-Bok Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Se-** Yook
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Youhwan Shin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seung-Bok Lee.

Additional information

Recommended by Editor Yong Tae Kang

Sang-Hee Woo was post doctor of the Environment, Health and Welfare Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Hanyang University, Republic of Korea, in 2018. His research interests include aerosol technology and aerosol environment. Now he is working at Engine Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Republic of Korea.

Jae-In Lee is a researcher supported by Ministry of Science and Technology, Information and Communication with a project to train masters and Ph.Ds. for small and medium businesses at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. He received his M.S. in Department of Environment from Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea, in 2017. His research interests include mass transfer of air pollutants.

Jong Bum Kim is a Senior Researcher of the ChungNam Institute, Chungcheongnamdo, Republic of Korea. He received his Ph.D. in Environmental Science from Korea University, Republic of Korea, in 2016. His research interests include exposure assessment of indoor environment, and ambient environment.

Gwi-Nam Bae is a Principal Research Scientist at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. His research interests include characterization and control technologies of aerosols and bioaerosols for protecting human health from ambient and indoor air pollution.

Seung-Bok Lee is a Senior Research Scientist at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. He received his Ph.D. from School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea, in 2007. His research interests include aerosol technology and air quality.

Se-** Yook is currently an Associate Professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Republic of Korea. He received his Ph.D. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA, in 2007. His research interests include heat transfer and aerosol technology.

Youhwan Shin is a Principal Research Scientist at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. He received his Ph.D. from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, in 1998. His research interests include heat and fluid control, and energy storage.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Woo, SH., Lee, JI., Kim, J.B. et al. Characteristics of dust-collection efficiency and ozone emission by high-voltage electrode shape of electrostatic precipitator for subway tunnel environment. J Mech Sci Technol 34, 1351–1363 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0233-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0233-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation