Abstract
The solidification/stabilization effect of heavy metal contaminated soils in frozen soil regions may be weakened. A novel binder comprising calcium carbide residue, metakaolin, and desulfurization gypsum was used to solidify and stabilize copper-contaminated soil subjected to freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS), F-T cycles, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and pH tests were conducted to investigate the characteristics of UCS, deformation, pH value, and microscopic mechanism of contaminated soils. The results demonstrated that the UCS of contaminated soils decreased with the increasing F-T cycles and Cu2+ concentration; the strength loss rate increased first and then decreased as the F-T cycles increased. The failure strain rose first and then reduced with the increase of F-T cycles, and increased with the rise of Cu2+ concentration. There was a considerable correlation between UCS, failure strain, and deformation modulus E50. The pH value decreased with the increasing F-T cycles and Cu2+ concentration. The microscopic characteristics indicated that the formation of hydrated calcium silicate and ettringite was the fundamental reason for the enhanced UCS. Besides, heavy metals could be solidified and stabilized by chemical precipitation, physical encapsulation, and ion exchange. The effect of F-T cycles could significantly damage the internal structure of contaminated soils, and the frost heaving force could loosen the soil skeleton structure, leading to the deterioration of the mechanical properties.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the research foundation of the Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health (Wuhu), Anhui University of Science and Technology (ALW2020YF13) and Innovation fund for Postgraduates of Anhui University of Science and Technology (2021CX2036).
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Wang, Q., Ge, D., Cai, G. et al. Mechanical and Microscopic Properties of Copper-contaminated Soil Solidified with Calcium Carbide Residue, Metakaolin, and Desulfurization Gypsum under Freeze-thaw Cycles. KSCE J Civ Eng 27, 455–468 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-0782-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-022-0782-1